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9/11:  BLUEPRINT FOR TRUTH -- THE ARCHITECTURE OF DESTRUCTION:  THE FORENSIC SCIENCE-BASED FACTS OF 9/11

by Architects & Engineers for 9/11 Truth

Cont'd from previous page

Slide 187:

Partially Reacted Thermite Found in WTC dust samples

(Very strong evidence that Super-thermite [red chips] generated the iron-rich spheres)

Slide 188:

Published in Peer-Reviewed Journal:

The Open Civil Engineering Journal, Volume 2, ISSN: 1874-1495

"Fourteen Points of Agreement with Official Government Reports on the World Trade Center Destruction"

Authors:  Steven E. Jones, Frank M. Legge, Kevin R. Ryan, Anthony F. Szamboti, James R. Gourley

Slide 189:

Journal of 9/11 Studies

  • A peer-reviewed journal of 9/11 research

  • Their mission is to provide evidence-based, peer-reviewed research

60 Letters, 46 Articles

Volume 11 -- May 2007

"Revisiting 9/11/2001 -- Applying the Scientific Method" -- Dr. Steven E. Jones

www.Journalof911Studies.com

www.STJ911.com

Slide 190:

Volume 19 -- January 2008

"Extremely high temperatures during the World Trade Center destruction" -- Dr. Steven E. Jones, Dr. Jeffrey Farrer, Dr. Gregory S. Jenkins, Dr. Frank Legge, James Gourley, Kevin Ryan, Daniel Farnsworth, and Dr. Crockett Grabbe

www.Journalof911Studies.com

www.STJ911.com

Slide 191:

Volume 12 -- June 2007

"Some Physical Chemistry Aspects of Thermite, Thermate, Iron-Aluminum-Rich Microspheres, the Eutectic, and the Iron-Sulfur System as Applied to the Demise of Three World Trace Center Buildings on 9/11/2001" -- Jerry Lobdill

www.Journalof911Studies.com

www.STJ911.com

Slide 192:

EPA Analysis of the WTC dust showed:

  • "One molecule was present at levels that dwarfed all others

    • 1,3-diphenylpropane."

Slide 193:

WTC Building 7

Direct Evidence of Explosive Destruction

Slide 194:

NO Characteristics of Destruction by Fire

Slide 195: 

WTC 7:  No Characteristics of Destruction by Fire

New York Times, 29 Nov. 2001:  "ENGINEERS ARE BAFFLED OVER THE COLLAPSE OF 7 WTC ..."

  • "... Experts said no building like it, a modern, steel-framed high-rise, had ever collapsed because of a fire."

Slide 196:

  • "... [even though] the fireproofing is intended to withstand ordinary fires for at least two hours, experts said buildings the size of 7 World Trade Center that are treated with such coatings have never collapsed in a fire of any duration."

Slide 197:

Flame-Engulfed Steel-Frame High-Rise Buildings Do Not Collapse

Aug. 1970 -- New York.  50-story building burned for 6 hours over 5 floors.

Slide 198:

May, 1988 -- Los Angeles.  62-story building burned for 3.5 hours over 5 floors.

Slide 199:

Feb., 1991 -- Philadelphia.  38-story building burned for 18 hours over 8 floors.

Slide 200:

Oct., 2004 -- Caracas, Venezuela.  56-story building burned for 17 hours over 26 flloors.Slide 201:

Yet Relatively Small, Randomly Placed Fires and lots of Smoke bring down this skyscraper in 6.5 seconds?

Slide 202:

FEMA:  If the Background Research (previous high-rise fires) doesn't support the FIRE hypothesis:  Don't report it!

Slide 203:

Data from FEMA & NIST Reports

Slide 204: 

Government Documentation:

  • 2001 American Society of Civil Engineers

    • "Volunteers" -- heavily dependent on federal government contracts ($10 M annually)

  • 2002 FEMA

    • Only $600,000 funding

    • Turned ASCE Investigation into an "Assessment"

    • Report Released May 2002

  • 2002 Silverstein / Weidlinger

    • To support insurance claims

  • 2005 NIST

    • (National Institute of Standards & Technology)

      • Part of the executive branch

    • 3 years, $20 M funding

    • WTC 7 report still pending (after 6 years!)

Slide 205:

  OKC DOD or BMSP FEMA WTC or Pent. Weidlinger or Column NIST Popular Mechanics
Gene Corley X X X X X X
Thornton-Tomasetti X X X X X X
Levy / Weidlinger X X X X X X
Mete Sozen X X X     X
Greenhorne & O'Mara X X X   X  
ARUP   X X X X  
Paul Mlakar X   X     X
Hughes Associates     X X X  
William Baker / SOM     X   X X
Jon Magnusson     X   X X
Ryan Biggs     X   X X
SGH   X X   X  
Mark Loizeaux X X X     X

Looking for Truth in Credentials:  The WTC "Experts," by KEVIN RYAN, March 8, 2007

Slide 206:

FEMA Discusses Mysterious Sulfidation and Oxidation Seen on Some WTC7 Steel.  No mention in NIST report!!!

  • "Evidence of a severe high temperature corrosion attack on the steel, including rapid oxidation and sulfidation with subsequent intergranular melting, was readily visible in the near-surface microstructure."

Slide 207:

  • "A liquid eutectic mixture containing primarily iron, oxygen, and sulfur formed during this hot corrosion attack on the steel.... No clear explanation for the source of the sulfur has been identified."

Slide 208:

  • "Perhaps the deepest mystery uncovered in the investigation." -- NY Times.  Yet ignored by NIST.

    • Sulfur is used with thermite to cut fast through steel!

Upper analysis shows region containing iron and iron oxide and no sulfur (iron sulfide).

The lower analysis shows a different region with the presence of sulfur (iron sulfide), indicating a possible demolition (thermite) charge designed to melt steel.

Slide 209:

WTC Steel -- Forensic Metallurgy

  • The results of the examination are striking.  They reveal a phenomenon never before observed in building fires:  eutectic reactions, which caused "intergranular melting capable of turning a solid steel girder into Swiss cheese."

Steel or Swiss Cheese?

Structural Steel from WTC Building 7

Slide 211:

FEMA Appendix C to BPAT Report

Limited Metallurgical Examination

Slide 212

http://wtc.nist.gov/media/AppendixC-fema403_apc.pdf

Slide 213:

Slide 214:

FEMA Appendix C - WTC 7 Steel

A one-inch column has been reduced to half-inch thickness.  Its edges -- which are curled like a paper scroll -- have been thinned to almost razor sharpness.

Gaping holes -- some larger than a silver dollar -- let light shine through a formerly solid steel flange.  This Swiss cheese appearance shocked all of the fire-wise professors, who expected to see distortion and bending -- but not holes.

Slide 215:

Slide 216:

Slide 217:

NIST's Scientific Method:

NIST:  If the Data (FEMA's Appendix C) doesn't support the FIRE Hypothesis:  Hide it!

Slide 218:

FEMA Suggests WTC 7 "Implosion"

Official FEMA report states:  "The collapse of WTC7 had a small debris field as the facade was pulled downward, suggesting an internal failure and implosion."

Slide 219:

FEMA Casts Doubt on Their Own "Fire-Collapse" Theory

FEMA report [May 2002] authors conclude:

  • "The specifics of the fires in WTC 7 and how they caused the building to collapse remain unknown at this time."

Slide 220:

  • " ... the best hypothesis [fire + random damage -- then complete collapse] has only a low probability of occurrence."

Slide 221:

NIST's Scientific Method:

FEMA:  If the CONCLUSION doesn't support the FIRE hypothesis:  Punt!

Slide 222:

FEMA Casts Doubt on Their Own "Fire-Collapse" Theory and Orders Destruction of the Evidence

  • "Further research, investigation, and analyses are needed to resolve this issue."

Slide 223:

  • Unfortunately for investigators hoping to resolve this issue, much of the evidence has already been destroyed -- by FEMA!

Slide 224:

Forensic Fire Protection Engineer, Jonathan Barnett / FEMA:  "Unable to [Properly Examine the Evidence]."

Slide 225:

"When you have a structural failure, you carefully go through the debris field looking at each item, photographing every beam as it collapsed, and every column where it is in the ground.  And you pick them up very carefully, and you look at each element.  We were unable to do that in the case of Tower 7."

Slide 226:

FEMA's Destruction of Evidence

Very little effort was made to preserve the evidence of the unprecedented and unexplained collapses of skyscrapers WTC 1, WTC 2, and Building 7 in lower Manhattan -- easily the three largest and least understood structural failures in World history.  Indeed, the evidence was destroyed with remarkable speed and efficiency.  The destruction of evidence at a crime scene is illegal.

Slide 227:

Up to 800 trucks per day removed all but about 250 pieces of steel from the crime scene, effectively scrubbing it.

Slide 228:

Building-fire Expert and Editor-in-chief of 125-year-old "Fire Engineering Magazine" Demands Stop to "Destruction of Evidence"

  • "... Structural steel from the World Trade Center has been, and continues to be. cut up and sold for scrap.  Crucial evidence that could answer many questions ... is on the slow boat to China, perhaps never to be seen again in America until you buy your next car."

Slide 229:

  • "Such destruction of evidence shows the astounding ignorance of government officials to the value of a thorough, scientific investigation ... I have combed through our national standard for fire investigation, NFPA 921, but nowhere in it does one find an exemption allowing the destruction of evidence for buildings over 10 stories tall.  To treat the September 11 incident any differently would be the height of stupidity and ignorance."

Slide 230:

  • "The destruction and removal of evidence must stop immediately."

-- Editorial by Bill Manning, Fire Engineering

Slide 231: 

  • "The federal government must scrap the current setup, and commission a fully resourced blue ribbon panel to conduct a clean and thorough investigation of the fire and collapse, leaving no stones unturned."

Slide 232:

NIST's Scientific Method:

FEMA:  If the evidence (steel) contradicts the FIRE hypothesis:  Destroy it!

Slide 233:

9-11 Commission Report Completely Ignores WTC 7

  • The 9-11 Commission claims to give "the fullest possible account of the events surrounding 9/11."

Slide 234:

  • However, without explanation, the 9-11 Commission Report completely ignores the catastrophic collapse of WTC 7.

Slide 235:

Is this one of the reasons that former 9/11 Commissioner, Senator Max Cleland, resigned from the Commission stating:

  • "It is a national scandal."

  • "This investigation is now compromised."

Slide 236:

9/11 Commission's Scientific Method:

9/11 Commission:  If the Question can't be answered the way you want it to be then:  Don't even ask it! (about WTC7)

Slide 237:

6 Years Later, NIST Has Yet to Explain WTC 7 Collapse

"But truthfully, I don't really know.  We've had trouble getting a handle on Building No. 7." -- Dr. Shyam Sunder, Acting Director Building and Fire Research Laboratory (NIST)

Slide 238:

NIST's WTC7 collapse analysis -- long overdue -- first "decoupled" from Twin Towers' study, has now been outsourced to a private contractor:  Applied Research Associates, Albuquerque, NM.

Slide 239:

ARA is directed not to examine the 1-7th floors or the 47th floor! (per NIST 3/31/06 Solicitation SB1341-06-Q-0186 a fixed price purchase order awarded to ARA, Inc.)

Slide 240:

Why?  Is it because that is where the evidence of explosive controlled demolition is found?

Slide 241:

NIST's Scientific Method:

NIST:  If the evidence doesn't support the FIRE hypothesis:  Don't look at it!

Slide 242:

Was NFPA 921, Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations used? 

Standard for Arson Investigation

  • Sec 6-5:  "Important to remember that conflict of interest should be avoided ..."

Slide 243:

Slide 244:

Same as Slide 205.

Slide 245:

Was NFPA 921:  Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations used?

"... Conflict of interest should be avoided ..."

Applied Research Associates:  a major Defense Contractor

Slide 246:

Slide 247:

NIST Report Contributing Author:

SAIC:  Science Applications International Corporation

We are a leading provider of scientific, engineering, systems integration and technical services and products to all branches of the U.S. military, agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the Intelligence community, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and other U.S. Government civil agencies.

Slide 248:

Testimony of First Responders

Whistle Blowers

Slide 250:

Expert Corroboration

Slide 251:

Expert Corroboration:  Top European Controlled Demolitions Expert Confirms WTC 7 is Controlled Demolition

  • 27 year controlled demolitions expert Danny Jowenko:

Slide 252:

  • " ... It starts from below ... They have simply blown away columns ..."

Slide 253:

  • "This is controlled demolition ..."

Slide 254:

  • "A team of experts did this ..."

Slide 255:

  • "This is professional work, without any doubt."

Slide 256:

Professor Emeritus of Structural Analysis Confirms WTC7 is Controlled Demolition

  • Hugo Bachmann, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus and former Chairman of the Department of Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology.

Slide 257:

  • "In my opinion, the building WTC7 was, with great probability, professionally demolished." -- Tages Anzeiger Article, 9/9/06

Slides 258 & 259:

CA Structural Engineer:  Patterned Loss of Columns Required

"A localized failure in a steel-framed building like WTC 7 cannot cause a catastrophic collapse like a house of cards without a simultaneous and patterned loss of several of its columns at key locations within the building." -- Kamal Obeid, Structural Engineer, Lic. 2826, MSCE, UC Berkeley

Slide 260:

Forensic Fire Protection Engineer Jonathan Barnett, FPE "Surprised that Tower 7 Collapsed."

Slide 261:

"We were surprised that Tower 7 collapsed.  We being the team that investigated what occurred on that day.  There was some damage to Tower 7 caused by the debris that hit it by Tower 1, but the damage was certainly not similar in scope or magnitude to that caused by the aircrafts hitting Towers 1 and 2."

Slide 262:

Foreknowledge of Destruction

Slide 263:

Foreknowledge:  Dep. Fire Chief announces imminent Collapse

WTC:  This is Their Story From the August 2002 Firehouse Magazine

  • FDNY Deputy Chief Nick Visconti, Division 14, 34-year veteran

  • Visconti:  "I was in my car.  I was listening to the traffic reports because I was going to Queens.  I was doing primary work for the UFOA (Uniformed Fire Officers Association) ... I walked out and I got to Vesey and West, where I reported to Frank.  He said, 'We're moving the command post over this way, that building's coming down.'  I remember standing just where West and Vesey ... a couple of guys right at the intersection, and we were trying to back them up, and here goes 7.  It started to come down and now people were starting to run."

Slide 264:

  • Never in history has a protected steel frame building collapsed due to fire.

  • But all of a sudden they announce the imminent collapse of this 47-story skyscraper?

Slides 265, 266 & 267:

Indira Singh Interview, April, 2005

  • [Indira Singh]:  "I was on the out[side] of my building, technically, and I went back and I changed into my EMT clothes ... By noon or one o'clock, they told us we had to move from that triage site, up to Pace University a little further away, because Building 7 was going to come down, or being brought down."

  • BF:  "Did they actually use the words 'brought down,' and who was it that was telling you this?"

  • [Indira Singh]:  "The Fire Department.  The Fire Department. And they did use the word[s], 'we're gonna have to bring it down.'  And, for us, there, observing the nature of the devastation, it made total sense to us that this was indeed a possibility."

From a transcript of Part One of Bonnie Faulkner's interview with Indira Singh on the Guns and Butter radio program, April 27, 2005, KPFA in Berkeley.

Slide 268:

Foreknowledge:  Warnings of Explosions and Bldg. #7 Collapse, by Police and Construction Workers

  • "Keep your eye on that building ... it's about to come down."

  • "The building is about to blow up ... flame and debris coming down."

Slide 269:

Slide 270:

Same as Slide 268.

Slides 271, 272 & 273:

Foreknowledge:  Eyewitness to WTC 7 Countdown (Do Fires Collapse Bldgs. to Countdowns?)

Kevin McPadden, Former Air Force Special Operations for Search and Rescue

Same as Slides 85 & 86.

Slide 274:

BBC Announces WTC 7 Collapse "Due to Structural Weakening" 20 Minutes Before It Happened!

  • BBC apologizes, citing confusion.

  • Who was their source?

  • (Remember:  Never before in history had a high-rise bldg. collapsed due to fire!)

Slide 275:

WTC7 Collapsed?  It's only 5:07 p.m. EST

BBC WORLD NEWS UPDATE: TERRORISM ATTACKS IN U.S. World Trade Centre destroyed by hijacked planes. Pentagon hit and burning. 4:57 p.m. EST, 23 minutes before Building 7 collapsed at 5:20 p.m.

[Gavin Estler] Now, more on the latest building collapse in New York. You might have heard a few moments ago I was talking about the Salomon building collapsing. And indeed it has. Apparently, that's only a few hundred yards away from where the World Trade Center Towers were. And it seems that this was not a result of a new attack, it was because the building had been weakened during this morning's attacks. We'll probably find out more about that now from our correspondent Jane Standley. Jane, what more can you tell us about the Salomon building and its collapse.

[Jane Standley] Well, only really what you already know. Details are very, very sketchy. There's almost a sense downtown in New York, behind me, down by the World Trade Centers, of just an area completely closed off as the rescue workers try to do their job. But this isn't the first building that has suffered as a result. We know that part of the Marriott Hotel next to the World Trade Center also collapsed as a result of this huge amount of falling debris from 110 floors of the two twin towers of the World Trade Center.   As you can see behind me, the Trade Center appears to be still burning.  We see these huge clouds of smoke and ash, and we know that behind that is an empty piece of what was a very familiar New York skyline, a symbol of the financial prosperity of this city, but completely disappeared now and New York is still unable to take on board what has happened to them today.

[Gavin Estler]  Presumably there were very few people in the Salomon building when it collapsed. I mean, there were, I suppose, fears of possible further collapses around the area.

[Jane Standley] That's what you would hope because this whole downtown area behind me has been completely sealed of and evacuated apart from the emergency workers.  That was done by the Mayor Rudy Giuliani much earlier today because, of course, of the dreadful collapse of the twin towers of the World Trade Center. But New York is very much still a city in chaos.  The phones are not working properly, the subway lines are not working properly, and we know that down there, near the World Trade Center, there are three schools that are being turned into triage centers for emergency treatment. I know that over in New York Harbor where the famous Statue of Liberty is there is a field hospital where 1,500 people are being treated and we have heard, though it's unconfirmed as yet, that 100 New York City police officers have been taken there as well for treatment. But we do need to confirm those figures for the officers.

[Gavin Estler]  It's now, what, some eight hours since the attacks. Is there any estimate yet available of the number of casualties in the World Trade Center?

[Jane Standley] I think we can only go at this point with the words expressed by the Mayor of New York, Rudy Giuliani, that it's too frightening to think how many there could be.  We know that it's about almost 300 people on the airliners that were used in these attacks, but you've got to remember, this was 9:00 in the morning on a Tuesday morning. It's busy in downtown Manhattan in the financial district then.  The World Trade Center itself has 50,000 workers. There are tens of thousands of tourists that go there every day. The figures are almost too frightening to contemplate. You can understand why nobody yet wants to put a figure on them.

[Gavin Estler]  Listening to the Mayor, Rudy Giuliani, a bit earlier, one of his messages was business as usual. You know, we won't let this get us down. But presumably a lot of Manhattan people must have fled the city to Long Island to get away from possible further attacks?

[Jane Standley] Well, a lot of people were certainly trying to. But you remember that very early on all the bridges and tunnels to the city as well as the airports were closed.  New York was sealed, essentially. Now we do know that the Long Island Railroad has begun running again to get people out of the city if they can, and people who can't manage to get out and perhaps live in that area, they are being offered accommodation in empty school buildings. But certainly I saw earlier today huge crowds of people desperately trying to walk up upper Manhattan to get as far away as possible. And I think nobody really knows how to go, or where to go, and you have to remember even now I don't think people, it can sink in to people what's happened.

[Gavin Estler]  We haven't, for the last hour or so, heard much from the people of Manhattan. You're with them there. What are they saying tonight after this catastrophic attack?

[Jane Standley] As I said, many just cannot believe that this has happened, and I've seen, you know, big, burly men and women with tears in their eyes today, shaking their heads, wondering what on earth is going on.  There was a sense of panic, reports from the scene of people just absolutely horrified, and I've already seen some photographs that a man took down in the downtown area and it looks life the aftermath of a huge atom bomb, or something full of debris and like a white carpeting of snow from all the dust and rubbish that had fallen. I don't think people can comprehend. They certainly have lost any feeling of safety. There's still a great pride in the city, people are determined to fight back, but a great sense of shock and loss.  People keep looking at the sky, for example, where you can see the plume of smoke and say, when that's gone, it won't be there anymore. Our twin towers won't be there. Such a symbol of New York.

[Gavin Estler]  Are they talking yet about revenge and what the government should do to counter this threat or are they numb still?

[Jane Standley] I think people are still numb and I don't think people are talking about revenge in that way at all yet. I think people are still too traumatized.  We don't know how many people have been killed. We can't even put a figure, I think when you talk to people on they don't even say how many people might have been killed and injured. And I think that feeling of the ___ of the devastation, people don't really know what to say or what to think. I think they feel the bubble of their security being in America has definitely been popped.  This city in this country will not be the same. But they don't really know where turn.  That's the very sad thing. I think there's going to be a lot of very, very traumatized people. This has hit them very, very hard.

[Gavin Estler]  I think many of us, when we heard the news perhaps on the radio earlier today were completely flabbergasted by it and just couldn't comprehend it.

I mean, it almost sounded too far fetched. I was wondering what it felt like for you being in Manhattan ... Well, unfortunately, I think we've lost the line with Jane Standley in Manhattan. Perhaps we can rejoin her and follow that up later.

Slide 276:

BBC Announces WTC7 "Collapse 20 Minutes Before it Happened!

  • Who gave BBC the 9/11 script?

  • BBC apologized for this "mistake"

Slide 277:

CNN Announces Collapse of "50 Story Building" at 10:45 a.m.

  • This story appears to be another "plant."

    • You will have to decide for yourself.

  • A 10:45 a.m. "collapse" would have been hidden by the North Tower Dust Cloud!

Slide 278:

BREAKING NEWS:  AMERICA UNDER ATTACK.  CNN LIVE 11:07a ET

"In New York, Allan Dodds Frank joins us on the phone in lower Manhattan.  Alan:"

[Allan Dodds Frank]  "Just two or three minutes ago, there was yet another collapse or explosion.  I'm now out of sight.  A good samaritan has taken me in on ___ Street.  But at a quarter to 11 there was another collapse or explosion following the 10:30 collapse of the second tower.  And a firefighter that rushed by estimated that 50 stories went down.  The street filled with smoke.  It was like a forest fire roaring down a canyon.  Now, as ___ and others have told you, all downtown Manhattan is covered with thick white ash and building material."

Slide 279:

Slides 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, & 286:

WTC 7 -- Highly Secure Building

Tenant List

  • CIA's undercover New York station

  • Secret Service NYC Headquarters

  • IRS

  • Department of Defense

  • NYC Mayor Giuliani's Office of Emergency Management

  • Securities and Exchange Commission

Slide 287:

Could Al Qaeda have gained sufficient access to this building to set explosives?

Did they have the extraordinary engineering expertise needed to bring down a 47-story steel skyscraper straight down at almost free-fall speed?

Slides 288, 289, 290, 291, 292 & 293:

WTC 7:  Disturbing Implications

If Building 7 was a controlled demolition, and since the necessary resources and months of planning, execution and planting of explosives requires a conspiracy, and the building was demolished on 9/11, then, it is a reasonable assumption that WTC 7 must have been a part of the overall conspiracy of 9/11.  And since we've already shown that Al Qaeda didn't have access to this highly secure building, the conspirators must have been someone who did have such access.

Slide 294:

World Trade Center Twin Towers

Slide 295:

"Crowning Achievement" of the International Style or "Heartless Modernism?"

"John Skilling's (with aide Leslie Robertson) structural engineering innovations helped architect Minoru Yamasaki preserve the simple sculptural purity of his building's forms."

"Gigantic dumbness!" -- Architect, Robert Stern, FAIA

Slide 296:

Eclipsing the 1,250-ft. Empire State Building

  • Upon completion in 1976, the WTC's twin 110-story towers were the world's tallest buildings.

  • 1,368 ft. tall (w/o antenna)

  • 12.5' floor to floor height

Slide 297:

Structural Innovations Allowed the Open Floor Plan

  • 208' x 208' = 43,000 s.f. per floor

  • Each tower had 3.8M s.f.

  • 11.2 M total s.f. for the 8 building complex

  • Largest floor span: 60'

  • Core: 135' x 87

In July of 1971, the American Society of Civil Engineers presented a National Award judging the buildings to be "the engineering project that demonstrates the greatest engineering skills, and represents the greatest contribution to engineering progress and mankind ..."

Slide 298:

WTC -- Structural Concept

Departs from the High-Rise Tradition of the Dense Grid of Steel

  • The Twin Towers were built as a "Tube Structure" with a very strong dense "mesh" of steel surrounding the exterior and acting as a "bearing wall", and to resist the lateral loads (EQ & wind).

  • Inside was the "Core", a dense grid of 47 immense steel box columns 4" thick at the base and 2" thick at mid-Tower.

  • Pre-fabricated floor assemblies (22 GA steel deck over 29" deep steel web joists) were topped with 4" steel reinforced concrete.

    • Most of these were completely pulverized on 9/11, not stacked up on the ground below.

  • Trusses were welded & bolted to beams at core, and spandrels at perimeter bearing wall.

Most High-rises up to this time were built on a dense grid of steel or concrete frames all the way through the building.

Slide 299:

Film Documentary, "Building the World Trade Center," directed by Pilowski and Winestine, 1970

Slide 300:

The WTC Twin Towers Were Solidly Constructed

47 Massive Steel Core Columns and 240 Steel Perimeter Columns

Slide 301:

  • Steel-frame:  100,000 Ton Heat Sink

  • Not a "Hollow Steel Shaft" (9-11 Commission)

Slide 302:

WTC Towers -- Sections

Slide 303:

The "Hat Truss"

  • The Hat Truss served to transfer vertical and lateral loads between the perimeter columns and the core columns.

  • It also supported the massive broadcast antenna

Slide 304:

Jetliners Impact Twin Towers

  • North Tower was hit at 8:46 a.m.  Collapses 102 minutes later  (American Airlines Flight #11)

Slide 305:

  • South Tower was hit at 9:03 a.m. Collapses 56 minutes later.  (United Flight #175)

Slide 306:

WTC Structural Imperative:  Jet Airliner-Proof

from the DVD:  "9/11 Mysteries"

Slide 307:

"John Skilling and Les Robertson were the structural engineers who designed the streamlined steel frames of the Twin Towers in the 1960's. 

Because a wayward army bomber flew into the Empire State Building in 1945, the towers were built with skyscraper crashes in mind."

[Leslie E. Robertson, Structural Engineer] "We had designed the project for the impact of the largest airplane of its time ...

the Boeing 707.

That is, to take this jet airplane, run it into the building, destroy a lot of structure, and still have it stand up."

[Frank A. DeMartini, Manager, WTC Construction & Project Management] "The building was designed to have a fully loaded 707 crash into it.  That was the largest plane at the time. 

I believe that the building probably could sustain multiple impacts of jetliners, because this structure is like the mosquito netting on your screen door.

This intense grid.  And the jet plane is just a pencil puncturing that screen netting.

It really does nothing to the screen netting."

[Leslie E. Robertson, Structural Engineer]  "To the best of my knowledge, the considerations of the fuel in the airplane in terms of an explosion or a great fire, was not considered.  Now, we were not responsible for that aspect of the design."

Imagine, building expressly for airplane impact, but never thinking of the fuel.

Slides 308, 309 & 310:

WTC Engineer Planned for Jet Impacts

  • Towers designed by John Skilling.

  • Skilling noted that he "designed the WTC Tower to take a hit from a Boeing 707 traveling 600 mph."

  • Asked in 1993 if he had considered plane crashes in his design:

    • "Our Analysis indicated the biggest problem would be the fact that all the fuel would dump into the building.  [But] the building structure would still be there." -- City in the Sky, Glanz and Lipton

Slide 311:

WTC Structure "Compensates" After Airliner Impact

"The robustness of the perimeter frame-tube system and the large size of the buildings helped the towers withstand the impact.  The structural system redistributed loads without collapsing in places of aircraft impact ..." -- NIST

  • "The towers withstood the initial impact of the aircraft ... the buildings had more than 1,000 times the mass of the aircraft ... this ability to withstand the initial impact is hardly surprising." -- Eager and Musso, JOM, 53(12)(2001), pp. 8-11

Slide 312:

Deceptive Illustrations from PBS Nova -- "Why the Towers Fell"

This model is typical of the deceptive illustrations misrepresenting the structural core of the building to look like mysterious floating horizontal slabs -- no core columns shown!

This model is from an animated sequence of falling floor trusses -- also very misleading.  Missing are both the perpendicular cross trusses that would prevent this behavior, as well as the concrete filled steel floor decking.  The floor pan also serves to interconnect the trusses and provide stiffness and strength to the entire floor system.

Slide 313:

WTC Towers -- Floor Plans

A correct Floor Plan

FEMA Floor Plan

FEMA Floor Plan

Slide 314:

Actual WTC-1 Core Floor Plan -- 66th Floor

The Construction Documents (Blueprints) have recently been leaked into the public domain thanks to an anonymous source.  (Download them at AE911Truth.org)

Slide 315:

From the FEMA Report -- Pancake Theory

  • Misleading diagrams made it look to non-technical readers as though there were no central structural core at all.

  • Quite easy to imagine this building collapsing!

  • FEMA's "Pancaking" Theory states that the trusses sagged and broke free from their connection to the perimeter columns causing column "buckling".

Slide 316:

NIST:  "Column Failure" Theory

Nova -- "Building on Ground Zero"

Slides 317, 318 & 319:

The Explosive Demolition Hypothesis

1.  Sudden Onset of Destruction at Location of JET IMPACTS

7.  Sounds & FLASHES Produced by Explosions

Slide 320:

Originally on the order of City Fire Commissioner Thomas Von Essen "to preserve those accounts before they became reshaped by a collective memory."

Slide 321:

Total of 12,000 pages of testimony by 503 FDNY Firefighters, emergency medical technicians, collected October 2001 to January, 2002.

Slide 322:

Court-ordered Aug. 2005 release of the FDNY "Oral Histories."

Slide 323:

More than 118 Firefighters Witness Sounds and Flashes of Explosions.

Slides 324 & 325:

  • "We felt the ground shake.  You could see the towers sway, and then it just came down.  And I never looked back once I started running." -- Lonnie Penn, E.M.T. (E.M.S.)

  • "... all of a sudden the ground just started shaking.  It felt like a train was running under my feet ... The next thing we know, we look up and the tower is collapsing." -- Paul Curran, Firefighter (F.D.N.Y.)

Slides 326 & 327:

The Ground Shake Preceding the Collapse of WTC 2

  • "It actually shook my bones." -- Louis Cook, Paramedic (E.M.S.)

  • "Shortly before the first tower came down, I remember feeling the ground shaking.  I heard a terrible noise, and then debris just started flying everywhere.  People started running ..." -- Bradley Mann, Lieutenant (E.M.S.)

Slide 328:

More Firefighters Witness Flashes and Explosions

  • "Somewhere around the middle of the World Trade Center, there was this orange and red flash coming out.  Initially, it was just one flash.  Then this flash just kept popping all the way around the building, and that building had started to explode."

Slide 329:

(from the court-ordered release of the "Oral Histories")

  • "We were there I don't know, maybe 10, 15 minutes, and then I just remember there was an explosion ... It seemed like on television they blow up these buildings.  It seemed like it was going all the way around like a belt, all these explosions." -- Rich Banaciski, Firefighter, FDNY

Slide 330:

  • "... At first I thought it was -- do you ever see professional demolition where they set the charges on certain floors and then you hear Pop, pop, pop, pop, pop? ... When I heard that frigging noise ... that's when I saw the building coming down." -- Daniel Rivera, EMS Paramedic

Slides 331 & 332:

  • One eyewitness whose office is near the World Trade Center told AFP that he was standing among a crowd of people on Church Street, about two-and-a-half blocks from the South tower, when he saw "a number of brief light sources being omitted from inside the building between floors 10 and 15."  He saw about six of these brief flashes, accompanied by "a crackling sound" before the tower collapsed.

  • "When I looked in the direction of the Trade Center before it came down, before No. 2 came down ... I saw low-level flashes."

Slide 333:

  • As we are looking up at the building, what I saw was, it looked like the building was blowing out on all four sides.  We actually heard the pops.  You know, you heard the pops of the building ... " -- Joseph Meola, Firefighter (F.D.N.Y.)

Slide 334:

  • "The popping sound, and with each popping sound it was initially an orange and then a red flash came out of the building.  And then it would just go all around the building on both sides as far as I could see.  These popping sounds and the explosions were getting bigger, going both up and down and then all around the building." -- Karin Deshore, Captain (E.M.S.)

Slide 335:

Lieutenant Evangelista, never mentioning this to him, he questioned me and asked me if I saw low-level flashes in front of the building, and I agreed with him because I thought -- at that time I didn't know what it was.  I mean, it could have been as a result of the building collapsing, things exploding, but I saw a flash flash flash and then it looked like the building came down."

Slide 336:

  • "... I thought the terrorists planted explosives somewhere in the building.  That's how loud it was, crackling explosive ..."

Slide 337:

EXPLOSIONS RECORDED AT FDNY POST -- Late Morning

Slide 338:

"Yeah, here's one of the guys, he can tell you I'm okay, alright.  Here, hold on."

"You want to call your mother or something."

KA BLAM!!!

Slides 339, 340, 341 & 342:

EXPLOSIVE TESTIMONY

Firefighters report blasts at WTC Towers just before collapses:

  • WTC 1: "Suddenly there was another loud boom at the upper floors, then there was a series of smaller explosions which appeared to go completely around the building at the upper floors.  And another loud earth-shattering blast with a large fire ball which blew out more debris ..." -- Det. Thomas M. Inman

  • WTC 2:  "When I looked in the direction of the Trade Center before it came down, before No. 2 came down, I saw low-level flashes.  In my conversation with Lieutenant Evangelista, never mentioning this to him, he questioned me and asked me if I saw low-level flashes in front of the building, and I agreed with him because I thought -- at that time I didn't know what it was.  I mean, it could have been as a result of the building collapsing, things exploding, but I saw a flash flash flash and then it looked like the building came down.

  • Q.  Was that on the lower level of the building or up where the fire was?

  • A.  No, the lower level of the building.  You know, like when they demolish a building, how when they blow up a building, when it falls down?  That's what I thought I saw.  And I didn't broach the topic to him, but he asked me.  He said I don't know if I'm crazy, but I just wanted to ask you because you were standing right next to me ... He said did you see any flashes?  I said, yes, well, I thought it was just me.  He said no, I saw them, too." -- Assistant Commissioner Stephen Gregory -- FDNY WCT2 File No. 91 10008

Slide 343:

FDNY Members Witnessed Explosions

Slide 344:

"We came down to the lobby.  There was nobody there.  What the fuck!  What do we do.  We made it outside.  We made it about a block?"

"We made it at least two blocks and we saw it, floor by floor, it started popping out."

"It was as if they had detonated it, as if they had planned to take down a building, BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM."

"All the way down.  I was watching it and running and then you just saw this cloud of shit chasing you down.  You couldn't outrun it.  I jumped behind a batallion car.  I hid under the car, and I was just waiting to die."

Slide 345:

News Reporters Tend to Say the Truth on the First Day ...

"Sounded like gunfire:  bang, bang, bang, bang, bang ... and then all of a sudden -- three big explosions."

abc NEWS LIVE COVERAGE

WORLD TRADE CENTER, NEW YORK

"Anybody who has ever watched a building being demolished on purpose knows that if you're going to do this you have to get at the under infrastructure of a building and bring it down."

"The entire building has just collapsed as if a demolition team set off ... when you see the old demolitions of these old buildings, it folded down on itself and it is not there anymore."

Slide 346:

"At 10:30 I tried to leave the building, but as soon as I got outside I heard a second explosion.  And another rumble.  And more smoke.  And more dust.  I ran inside the buildings, the chandeliers shook, and again, black smoke filled the air.  Within another five minutes we were covered again with more silt and more dust and then a fire marshal came in and said we had to leave because if there was a third explosion, this building might not last."

"All of a sudden there was this big explosion.  I don't know if -- just like what you just seen, that's what we went through before we came out of the building."

[Stephen Evans, North American Business Correspondence] "There was another big, big explosion in the other tower.  Flames coming out and just billowing grey smoke.  People still not panicking.  People not quite understanding what was going on.  Then somebody said that they saw an airliner go into one of those towers.  Then, an hour later than that, we had that big explosion from much much lower.  I don't know what on earth caused that.  Whatever the cause, the terribleness, the hugeness of what's happened, so huge in fact that most of the people around simply can't understand what happened.  People were just standing around, talking to each other, nodding their heads.

"OH MY GOD!"

LIVE WCBS:  FOX NEWS ALERT:  ONE TOWER OF WORLD TRADE CENTER COLLAPSES

"Do you know if it was an explosion or a building collapse?"

"To me it sounded like, to me it sounded like an explosion, but it was a huge explosion."

[NBC's Pat Dawson Interviews FDNY Fire Safety Chief Albert Turi] "Chief Albert Turi told me that he was here after the events that took place this morning.  He tried to get his men out as quickly as he could, but he said that there was another explosion which took place, and then an hour after there was another explosion in one of the towers here.  So according to his theory, he thinks that there were actually devices that were planted in the building."

[Marc Trains] "This is as close as we can get to the base of the World Trade Center. 

You can see the firemen assembled here.  The police officers, FBI agents.

And you can see the Two Towers.  A huge explosion raining debris on all of us!  WE BETTER GET OUT OF THE WAY!!!

"It just went BA BOOM, like a bomb in there, and it was like ___ coming down those stairs.  And when we finally got to the bottom, and we were coming out, and another explosion ... flying."

"It sounded like gunfire:  BANG BANG BANG BANG BANG!  And then all of a sudden three big explosions."

"I was about five blocks away when I heard explosions. 

Three thuds ... we just got out of there ...

and it kind of tipped over and folded over on itself."

"We've heard reports of secondary explosions after the aircraft impact.  Whether in fact there wasn't something else at the base of the towers that in fact were the coup de grace to bring them to the ground."

"As we were making our way to the stairway, there was a heavy duty explosion."

Slides 347 & 348:

Compare the Explosions

Note Geometry Similar to Fireworks

WTC 1 -- Upwards and outward streamers

An acknowledged explosion for comparison

WTC 1 -- "like a banana peeling"

Slides 349 & 350:

Dr. David Ray Griffin

Professor of Religion and Theology

Author of 30 books (including five about 9/11)

"The Destruction of the World Trade Center:  Why the Official Story Cannot Be True," by David Ray Griffin

Comments on the Oral Histories of 9/11 Emergency Workers:  Explosions, Flashes, Bombs, etc.

"Deputy Commissioner Thomas Fitzpatrick said, 'It looked like sparkling around one specific layer of the building.  My initial reaction was that this was exactly the way it looks when they show you those implosions on TV.'

"A few witnesses spoke of horizontal ejection.  [Fire] Chief Frank Cruthers said:  'There was what appeared to be an explosion.  It appeared at the very top simultaneously from all four sides.  Material shot out horizontally, and then there seemed to be a momentary delay before you could see the beginning of the collapse.'

"Now that's very important because defenders of the official theory say that these horizontal ejections were caused when the floors collapsed and pushed the material out.  So listen to Firefighter James Curran who said, 'I looked back and I heard like every floor went chu-chu-chu.  I looked back and from the pressure, everything was getting blown out of the floors BEFORE it actually collapsed.'

"If all these firefighters and medical workers witnessed all these phenomena suggestive of controlled demolition, you might be wondering why you have not heard much about this.  Part of the answer is probably provided by Auxiliary Lt. Fireman Paul Issac having said that 'There were definitely bombs in those buildings.'  Isaac added that, 'Many other firemen know that there were bombs in the buildings but they're afraid for their jobs to admit it because higher-ups forbid discussion of this fact.'

Slide 351:

  • How could explosives be placed without the building occupants knowing?

  • Unlike conventional building demolitions, the perimeter columns could not be accessed as easily, requiring a lot more explosive energy from the explosives placed in the core.

Slide 352:

Core Area Columns Easily Accessible from Elevators

47 CORE COLUMNS ADJACENT TO ~50 ELEVATOR SHAFTS

Slide 353:

Each core column is adjacent to one of up to 50 elevator shafts (or utility rooms on upper floors), making it relatively easy to set the charges without detection.

Slide 354:

Elevator World March 2001 "WTC Elevator Modernization"

DRIVE TO THE TOP

Slide 355:

"We have received a confirmed report from ACE Elevator that all ACE Elevator employees are accounted for and safe.  ACE Elevator Co. was providing elevator maintenance for the WTC.  They were in the middle of a modernization and had been working out of an office located on the 35th floor in the South Tower." -- Elevator World:  September 12, 2001

Slide 356:

Is it possible that the explosives could have been planted under the guise of an elevator modernization?

Slide 357:

Wireless Detonation

The HiEx TeleBlaster II

The HiEx Teleblaster II is an intelligence and discrete 2-way VHF or UHF telemetry blast initiation system intended for commercial blasting operations.  The radio system's signal is digitally encoded.  The latest microprocessor and message encoding/validation technology has been combined to provide a safe, reliable, accurate and compact remote blast initiation device.

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