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Index
Abrams, Creighton W., 237
Achdut Avodah (Unity of Labor)
Party, 38n, 179n
Acheson, Dean, 151n
Adenauer, Konrad, 123
Afghanistan, 6
A-4E Skyhawk, 139, 153, 183-84
Africa:
CIA-Mossad operations in, 5, 6
as nuclear-free zone, 152
Palestinian sympathies in, 264
proposed Jewish homeland in, 87
see also North Africa
African National Congress, 266
Agnew, Harold M., 280
Agnew, Spiro T., 232
Air Force, U.S., 51n, 53, 57, 88n,
162, 205
Air Force Technical Applications
Center (AFTAC), 272
Al-Abram, 227, 231
Alba, Carmelo V., 163-64, 20ln
Algeria, 21, 36, 59, 68
Allen, Richard V., 8-9, 14-15, 287
Allon, Yigal, 38n, 67, 138, 173-74,
179, 225, t61
Aman, 163
American Israel Public Affairs
Committee (AIPAC), 292
American Jewish Committee, 87
American Technion Society, 242
Anderson, Jack, 236
Angleton, James Jesus, 144-47, 163,
185n, 238, 250
Angola, 13n, 266
anti-Semitism, 60, 76, 91, 95, 264
Aqudas Achim synagogue, 127
Arab Federation, 121
Arab-Israeli conflicts:
Lebanon War, 259, 288, 294
Six-Day Wat, 131n, 156, 160, 16667, 174, 175, 177-
78, 184-85,
222, 291
Suez War, 38, 39, 40-44, 175, 176,
178
War of Attrition, 212n, 237
War of Independence, 19, 113, 141
Yom Kippur War, 179, 217, 222-
23, 225-40, 264
Arab League, 108, 265n
Arab nations:
anti-U.S. oil embargo by, 232
international bias for, 133
Soviet military aid to, 7, 12, 35,
65, 103, 128, 135, 136, 138, 139,
153, 167, 170, 175-76, 183, 231,
237, 294
"three no's" of, 176
Arens, Moshe, 295
Argentina, 156
Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency (ACDA), 272
arms control talks, 74, 274, 275
see also Nuclear Nonproliferation
Treaty
Arms Export Control Act (1976),
260n, 262
Army, U.S., 83, 162, 163
Aronson, Shlomo, 177
Arthur D. Little Company, 216n
Atlantic Richfield Company
(ARCO), 248
Atomic Energy Act (1946), 125n
Atomic Energy Act (1954), 20, 243
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC),
U.S., 71, 87, 89, 92, 169
dissolution of, 251
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC),
U.S. (conf.)
formation and responsibilities of,
83-84
Livermore Laboratory and, 91
NUMEC and, 242, 244, 245-48,
253, 254
uranium processing safeguards of,
244, 251
U-2 intelligence and, 54-55
Atomic Energy Commission
(France), 19, 28, 30, 31, 36, 37,
39, 60, 64
Atomic Energy Commission (Israel),
19, 20, 57, 79, 86, 88, 104, 109,
141-42, 173n
Atoms for Peace, 20, 132n, 242
Auschwitz-Birkenau, 88n
Ayalon Museum, 196
Babcock & Wilcox, 252, 253n, 256-
57
Bader, William B., 13-14
Baker, James A., Ill, 9
Baku, 216
Balfour Declaration, 35n
Ball, George, 101
Bandung Conference (1955), 15
Bank Leumi, 171
Barbour, Walworth, 164, 165, 178,
184, 189
as Bank Leumi board member,
171
Dimona reconnaissance curtailed
by, 160, 168, 169, 170
Israeli sympathies of, 159, 161,
163, 167, 171
Johnson's assignment to, 160, 161
length of ambassadorship of, 159
physical appearance of, 159
Barnaby, Frank, 199n
Barnet, Richard J., 75n
Bar-on, Hanan, 304
Bartlett, Charles L., 96-97, 99, 117
Baruch, Bernard, 87
Bar-Zohar, Michael, 22, 45, 55, 78n,
141n
B 'chia Ledorot, 140
Begin, Menachem, 4, 15, 38n, 185,
275, 293, 298n
anti-Communism of, 260
background of, 260
election of, 259, 269, 299
in Eshkol's government, 167
Israeli nuclear weapons program
and, 260
militarism of, 259
resignation of, 296
Sadat's summit with, 4, 269
strategic cooperation proposal to
U.S. by, 287-88
Beirut, 288
Belgium, 180, 181
Ben, Max, 165, 180
Ben-Gurion, David, 26, 45, 146, 167,
185, 195, 259, 298n
Adenauer's secret negotiations
with, 123
Begin and, 275
as defense minister, 34-35
de Gaulle and, 68-69, 77
Dimona cover-up and, 78, 93,
108-11
ein brera fears of, 22, 37
end of public role of, 141
Israeli nuclear weapons program
and, 20, 22, 23, 27, 29, 31, 3334,
39, 44, 45, 59, 66, 67-70,
129-30, 135-36, 275-76
Kennedy and, 100-104, 106, 114,
117, 120-21, 124
Mapai Party controlled by, 33
political scandals and resignations
of, 117, 121-24
Rafi Party founded by, 139
second term of, 37, 39
Suez War and, 38, 41, 42, 43
temporary retirement of, 33-34
U.S. and, 21, 22, 27, 41, 55
Ben-Menashe, Ari, 260, 264, 265,
275-76, 292, 295, 297-99
Vanunu case and, 309-15
Bentov, Cindy Hanin (pseudonym),
193, 315
Bergmann, Ernst David, 165, 180
background and early career of,
19, 23-25
Dimona cover-up and, 79, 103-4
forced government resignation of,
26, 86, 141
government positions held by, 19,
23, 26
Israeli nuclear weapons program
and, 19-32, 34, 36, 37, 39, 44-45,
59, 61, 93, 104, 135-36, 154, 174,
264
as Rafi Party founding member,
140
Shapiro and, 243, 248-49
Strauss's secret friendship with,
85-86, 88, 142
Bergmann, Rani, 25
Berlin tunnel, 56
Bethe, Hans, 206
"black" squadrons, 301
Blake, George, 56n
Blumberg, Binyamin, 62, 131, 138,
205, 243, 250, 288
B'nai B'rith, 146
"boosted" fission weapons, 200
"Bor," 225
Border Patrol, U.S., 310
Botha, P. W., 278n, 279
Braderman, Eugene M., 166
Bradlee, Benjamin C., Jr., 96n
Brandeis University, 101
Brezhnev, Leonid, 232, 267
Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, 23,
25
Brown, Harold, 270, 278
Brugioni, Dino A" 50, 63, B8n, 91,
157
background of, 47
U-2 Dimona reconnaissance and,
52-53, 55-58, 72, 73, 90, 100,
132n, 143, 147
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 272, 273, 278
Buchwald, Art, 72n
Bulganin, Nikolai, 41
Bull, Gerald, 216
Bundy, McGeorge, 99, 105, 125-26,
133, 134, 149, 150, 152, 185n
Bush, George, 9, 239-40
Camp David summit (1978), 4, 6,
269, 275
Canada, 37, 39, 164, 168
cannons, long-range, 216-17
Cape National Party (South Africa),
279
Carter, Hodding, III, 274
Carter, Jimmy, S8n, 278n
codework clearances frozen by,
13n-14n
election of, 3
Iran toasted by, 6, 274
Israeli-U.S. intelligence liaison
agreement and, 3-4, Un
nuclear fuel reprocessing ban
upheld by, 273"
South African nuclear weapons
program protested by, 267-68
Carter administration, 23
Israeli nuclear weapons policy of,
260-63, 266-70
Israeli view of, 5
Israel-U.S. intelligence liaison
agreement and, 3-7
nuclear nonproliferation stance
of, 261-63, 268
South African-Israeli nuclear test
cover-up by, 271-83
Casey, William J., 12-13, 16
Cella, Glenn R., 213-14
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
120
covert financing by, 5, 145
Dimona reconnaissance by, 50,
51, 52-58, 63, 72, 73, 76, 90, 99n,
100, 106-7, 112, 132n, 143, 14748,
156-57, 162-63, 186-89, 198-.
99, 212, 213, 231, 235
disconnects in intelligence
processing by, 157, 237, 291
domestic operations by, 250
government coups and, 42n
inaccurate predictions by, 6, 13n
intelligence leaks from, 7n-8n, 16,
Inn
Israeli bombing raid reviewed by,
13, 16
Jews in, 89, 145-46
Mossad's joint ventures with, 5-6,
13n
National Photo Interpretation
Center of, 107, 156, 283
nuclear intelligence shifted from,
155
NUMEC uranium alleged
diversion and, 187, 241, 243,
247, 252, 254
Office of National Estimates
(ONE) of, 147-48
Office of Science and Technology
of, 156-57, 187, 235
Photographic Intelligence
Division of, 47, 50, 51, 54
proprietary companies of, 146
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
(cont.)
Six-Day War and Israeli
operations of, 168n
South African-Israeli nuclear test
and, 272, 273
Special National Intelligence
Estimate (SNIE) by, 282
trash analyzed by, 146
chain reactions, 28, 201
at Dimona, 119, 164
CHAOS, Operation, 144n, 145, 146,
250
chemical and biological weapons
(CBW), 63-64, 136, 216, 260n
chemical reprocessing plants:
at Dimona, 37.43, 56-57, 61, 69,
106, 111, 118, 120, 130, 131, 163,
180n, 188, 196-97, 198, 200, 201,
202, 247, 254, 282
at Marcoule, 29, 56-57
nuclear weapons manufacturing
role of, 29, 37, 56, 120
CHESS U-2 photographs, 48
China, People's Republic of, 153,
155, 216n
Egypt and, 35, 138
IAEA and, 133
McCone's proposed air strike
against, 150-51
nuclear weapons program of,
148-49, 246, 271
Chou En-lai, 35
Clifford, Clark, 95, 168n, 189, 190-91
Cockburn, Andrew, 256
Cockburn, Leslie, 256
codework clearances, 13n-14n
Colby, William, 230, 233n
Cold War, 21, 27, 128, 215
CIA-Mossad joint ventures as
secret in, 5
Middle East and, 139, 145, 175-76
Commentary, 137n
Commerce Department, U.S., 242,
250
Committee for the Denuclearization
of the Middle East, 109
Committee of Thirty, 66
computer industry, computers, 13 7,
214
Congregation Emanu-El, 86
Congress, U.S., 125n, 169, 212, 233,
256, 262, 263
Conran, James H., 251
"Consequences of Israeli
Acquisition of Nuclear
Capability, " 148
CORONA reconnaissance satellite,
156
Cosmos reconnaissance satellite, 267
Counsel to the President (Clifford), 191
Couve de Murville, Maurice, 68, 69,
75
Cowan, George A., 206
Crawford, William R., 100-101, 106
Critchfield, James, 185n
Cuba, 275
Cuban missile crisis, 50n, 126n
Culler, Floyd L., Jr., Dimona
inspections by, 112-13, HI, 133,
140n, 151, 154, 196, 210, 215
Cytex Corporation, 312
Dachau, 127
Daily Express (London), 76
Dale, William N., 161, 164, 165-66,
168, 169, 170, 189
Daily Mirror (London), 309, 311, 313
Danger and Survival (Bundy), 150n
Dangerous Liaison (Cockburn and
Cockburn), 256
Daniel Sieff Institute, 25n
Dassault Company, 120, 143, 173,
175
Davies, Nicholas, 309-10, 315
Dayan, Moshe, 34, 39, 117, 220, 221,
262n
antiquities appropriated by, 218
on Arab military strength, 220,
222
as army chief of staff, 33
Israeli nuclear weapons program
and, 67n, 129, 141, 174-75, 17677, 178, 179-
80, 189
Lavon Affair and, 122-23
in Rafi Party, 139
secret South African trip of, 264-
65
as security risk, 218
Six-Day War and, 167, 174, 185
Suez War and, 38
Yom Kippur War and, 222, 223,
225, 226, 227
Defense Department, U.S., 125,
143, 183, 186, 211, 214, 256-57
Advanced Research Project
Agency (ARPA) of, 276
Institute for Defense Analysis
(IDA) of, 276
National Military Command
Center of, 272
Office of Net Assessments of,
269-70, 278
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA),
6, 13, 143-44, 198, 272-73
de Gaulle, Charles, 29, 75n, 77,
126n, 175
Dimona opposed by, 59-60, 61,
68, 69-70, 120, 263
demarches, 75
Democratic Party, 27, 93, 95, 96, 192
desalinated water, 20, 63, 64, 85,
154, 211n-12n, 249
Desert Storm, Operation, 201n
Deshalit, Amos, 25-26, 79, 102, 144;
147, 180
Deshalit, Meir (Meme), 144, 147
Detachment 515, 219
see also Unit 8200
deuterium, 49, 200
Deux Bombes, Les (Pean), 64n, 263
diGenova, Joseph E., 305
Dimona nuclear weapons facility,
25n, 31, 91: 195-207
chemical reprocessing plant at,
37, 43, 56-57, 61, 69, 106, 111,
118, 120, 130, 131, 163, 180n,
188, 196-97, 198, 200, 201, 202,
247, 254, 282
CIA reconnaissance of, 50, 51, 5258,
63, 72, 73, 76, 90, 99n, 100,
106-7, 112, 132n, 143, 147-48,
156-57, 162-63, 186-89, 198-99,
212, 213, 231, 235
cooling capacity of, 199, 282
cost and financing of, 65-67, 93,
124, 136, 192n
cover-up stories on, 63, 72, 78,
119, 130
economic effects of, 59, 67-68, 137
ethnic and national tensions in
construction of, 60-61
false control room of, 111
first bomb assembled at, 179-80
formal authorization for, 43n
France's role at, 11, 16, 43n, 56,
59-65, 68-70, 72, 75, 76, 106,
119n, 130, 145, 211, 307
fuel for, 156
governmental ignorance of, 206-7
heavy water used for, 77, 103,
104, 111
institutes (Machons) of, 201-2, 219
international inspections sought
for, 69, 80, 100-101, 106, 108,
117, 124, 128, 129, 132, 135, 136,
153, 154-55, 186, 212
location of, 11, 33, 45
Norway's inspection of, 77, 103
objections to, 59, 65, 67, 78, 79,
93, 109, 137-38
planes shot down over, 131n
production capability of, 45, 11920,
156, 202, 203-4, 282
secrecy of, 11, 37, 46, 57, 61, 6263,
64-65, 66, 79, 91, 93, 103-4,
108-15, 131-32, 148
security precautions at, 62, 13031,
197
staff of, 68, 197
sustained chain reaction achieved
at, 119, 164
temporary closure of, 11
U.S. embassy intelligence on, 57,
160, 162, 163-64, 165-66, 16869,
184, 247
U.S. given inside photos of, 29091
U.S. inspections of, 94, 98, 102,
104, 109-15, 131, 133, 140n, 143,
151, 153, 154, 169, 196, 210-11,
215, 262
Vanunu's revelations about, 196,
205
Dinitz, Simcha, 228-29, 236
downlinks, 14, 15, 16
"dual loyalty, " 89-92, 241
Duckett, Carl E., 189, 214, 237
Israeli nuclear intelligence
reports by, 156-57, 186-87, 212,
231, 235, 240, 282
NUMEC uranium alleged
diversion and, 188, 241, 247,
250, 251-56
public revelations by, 239-40, 261
suppression of intelligence
reports by, 212, 213
Duckett, Carl E. (conc.)
Teller and, 186-87, 250, 254
Dulles, Allen, 50, 51, 54, 58, 76, 105,
151n
Dulles, John Foster, 50, 54, 74, 75
Eastern Europe:
Israeli diplomatic relations
severed by, 175
emigration to Israel from, 145,
163
Eban, Abba, 38n, 191
Edelman, Peter B., 98n
Eden, Anthony, 41
Egypt, 3, 34, 110, 121, 154, 194, 296
in Arab Federation, 121
guerrilla warfare between Israel
and, 35, 36
Kennedy and, 102-3, 107-8
military spending by, 65
Nasser's coup in, 21, 104
nuclear weapons and, 67, 69, 101,
129-30, 133, 138, 152, 153n
secret negotiations between Israel
and, 33, 34, 35
Six-Day War and, 166, 167, 175
Soviet military aid to, 35, 65, 103,
139, 167, 170, 175, 183, 231, 237
Soviets ousted from, 221
Suez War and, 38, 39, 40
in United Arab Republic, 51, 53,
133, 135
War of Attrition and, 212n, 237
West Germany military aid to,
123
Yom Kippur War and, 222, 225,
227, 229, 231-32, 233, 235n
Eichmann, Adolf, 289
82nd Airborne Division, U.S., 233
Eilts, Hermann F., 229, 230
ein brera, 22-23, 37
Einstein, Albert, 25n, 102n
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 23, 73, 84,
118
Atomic Energy Act amended by,
125n
Dimona denial accepted by, 80
Israeli arms embargo maintained
by, 22
Kennedy advised by, 106
Peres on, 41-42
Powers incident and, 74
Strait of Tiran commitment of,
178
Strauss supported by, 84, 85, 87,
89
Suez War and, 38, 41-43
U-2 Dimona reconnaissance and,
54, 58, 76
U-2 program initiated and ended
by, 47, 76
U-2 Soviet reconnaissance and,
47, 48, 50, 51
Eisenhower administration:
Dimona leak and, 73, 79-80
Israeli nuclear weapons
development and, 20, 53-58, 64,
93
Suez War and, 40-44
Tripartite Agreement and, 22
Eisenhower Library, 53n, 55n
Eitan, Rafael (Rafi), 288-89, 292,
294-95, 296, 297, 300, 301
Elazar, David, 225, 226, 236-37
Elder, Walter N., 73, 105-6, 107,
126n, 150, 151
elections, U.S.:
of 1948, 93, 94-95
of 1952, 95
of 1956, 95
of 1960, 95-98
of 1964, 149, 193
of 1968, 189, 191
of 1976, 3
of 1980, 274, 275
11-38 intelligence review, 286
el-Gamasy, Mohammed Abdel
Ghany, 227
Ellsberg, Daniel, 125, 126, 150-51
El 2 nuclear reactor, 39
El 102 nuclear reactor, see Dimona
nuclear weapons facility
Energy Department, U.S., 84, 281
Eniwetok nuclear test site, 49
Eshkol, Levi, 38n, 125, 173n, 192n,
200
Johnson and, 86, 130, 132, 134-35,
136, 139, 154, 166, 183, 186
Lavon Affair and, 122
nuclear weapons objections of, 37,
65, 79, 86, 124, 136
nuclear weapons policy of, 129,
130, 133-42, 162, 180n
on occupied territories, 185
political reforms of, 124
as prime minister, 37, 124
Six-Day War and, 166-67
Euratom, 180-81
Evron, Ephraim, 186
Farley, Philip J., 75
Fatah, El, 249
Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBI), 85, 243, 247, 248, 250,
252, 253
Feinberg, Abraham, 160, 185
background of, 93
Bergmann and, 27, 93
Coca-Cola franchise of, 192
Dimona cover-up and, 108-9, 111
Dimona fund-raising by, 66, 93,
95
Hagannah fund-raising by, 195-96
Johnson and, 98., 126, 190-91,
192, 193, 194
Kennedy and, 93, 94, 95-98, 100,
101-2, 103, 111
Truman and, 93, 94-95, 126
Feinberg, Wilfred, 98
Feldman, Myer (Mike), 98-100, 108,
141., 192-93
FA Phantom, 183-84, 186, 189, 190,
191, 192, 194, 211, 213, 216, 222,
225
F-15 Eagle, 294
F-16 Fighting Falcon, 8-9, 294, 301
Fielding, Janet, 311
Finney, John W.:
on Dimona inspections, 140n, 154
Dimona story leaked to, 71-73,
74, 77.
fission vs. fusion, in nuclear
weapons, 48-49
Flapan, Simha, 138
force de frappe, 44, 60, 75n, 126n, 152,
176
Ford, Gerald R., 3, 5, 239, 273n
Ford administration, 252, 261, 269
Fortas, Abe, 126
Fox, Raymond, 91
France, 24, 133
arms sales to Israel by, 36, 65, 69,
175
Communist Party in, 21, 27
decolonization by, 21, 36
Dimona role of, 11, 16, 43n. 56,
59-65, 68-70, 72, 75, 76, 106,
119., 130, 145, 211, 307
elections in, 43n
heavy water sales of, III
Israeli arms embargo by U.S.
and, 183
joint anti-Soviet nuclear targeting
proposed to U.S. by, 270n
military deals between Iraq and,
16, 64n
NATO and, 27, 36, 44, 126.
nuclear deterrent of, 44, 60, 75n,
126n, 152, 176
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
and, 209
in Nuclear Suppliers Group, 267
nuclear weapons program of, 28-31,
63, 66, 125, 145, 271
nuclear weapons program of
Israel and, 11, 16, 23, 27-46, 5965, 68-
70, 118-19, 155, 263
Suez War and, 38, 40-43
in Tripartite Agreement, 21-22
Frankfurter Allgemeine, 175
Freedom of Information Act (I974),
80, 253.
Freier, Shalheveth, 218-19, 226
French Air Force, 64
Frost, Tony, 313-14
fusion vs. fission, in nuclear
weapons, 48-49
Gahal Party, 38.
Galili, Yisrael, 38n, 225
Gallois, Pierre, 44
GAMBIT reconnaissance satellite,
156
Garment, Leonard, 3Q3-5
Garment, Suzanne, 304
Gates, Robert M., 260n
Gaza Strip, 35, 113, 115, 118, 167,
218.
General Accounting Office (GAO),
253, 256
General Zionist Party, 38n
Germany, Federal Republic of
(West), 48, 123, 133, 152, 209-10,
267
Germany, Nazi, 24, 88n, 123, 127,
265
Germany, occupied, 47
Gilinsky, Victor, 251-52, 262n, 287-
79n
Gilpatric, Roswell L., 151-52, 153
Gilpatric report, 151-52, 153
Golan, Matti, 45
Golan Heights, 167, 184, 231, 238n,
312
Goldschmidt, Bertrand, 30-32, 39-
40, 68, 119
Gomolak, Louis S., 127n
Goodpaster, Andrew J., 55n
Government Communications
Headquarters (GCHQ) 7n
Graham, Thomas W., 65-66
Great Britain, 164, 168
Balfour Declaration and, 35n
decolonization by, 21
intelligence leak in, 7n
Israeli guerrilla war against, 19596,
259, 298n
in Nuclear Suppliers Group, 267
nuclear weapons program of, 28,
125n-26n
Suez War and, 38, 40-42
in Tripartite Agreement, 21-22
U.S. intelligence relationship
with, 3, 7
Guatemala, 42n
Guerrero, Oscar E., 309, 311
Guillaumat, Pierre, 28, 29, 31-32, 39
Gur, Mordecai, 228, 295n
ha 'anoseh ha 'adin, 140
Hadden, John L., 161-62, 164, 247,
253, 254, 256
Hagannah, 24, 141, 195-96
Haifa, 130, 177, 203, 223
Haig, Alexander M., Jr., 8n-9n, 14,
287
Halevy, David, 180n
Halperin, Morton H" 210
Halpern, Samuel, 146
Harman, Avraham, 74, 75-76, 77
Hawk missiles, 103, 109-10, 118, 119
heavy water, 19, 30, 31, 39, 64, 77,
103, 104, 111, 200, 201
Heikal, Mohammed, 227, 229, 23D31, 235n
Helms, Richard M., 186, 188-89,
212, 214, 241, 247, 250, 255
Herter, Christian A., 74-75, 80
Herut Party, 38n, 299
Herzog, Chaim, 264
Hickenlooper, Bourke R, 80-81
Hirbat Zachariah, 173, 216, 225, 231
Hiroshima, 46, 48
Histadrut, 122
Hitler, Adolf, 22, 139, 221
Hod, Mordecai, 190
Hofi, Yitzhak, 9, 11, 295
Holocaust, 195
Jewish consciousness of, 10, 2223, 27,
30, 37, 42, 136, 138, 226
reparations paid to Israel for,
123n
Strauss's feelings about, 83, 86-87,
89, 91
Hoover, J. Edgar, 250
Hounam, Peter, 308, 309
House Subcommittee on Oversight
and Investigations, 253
HUMINT, 147
Humphrey, Hubert H., 209
Hussein, King of Jordan, 185n, 289
hydrogen bombs, 49-50, 84, 200
Hyland, William G., 229
I.G. Farben, 88n
India, 37, 39, 65, 67n, 149, 150n,
153n, 267n
Institute for Advanced Studies, 86,
142
Institute of Nuclear Science, 25n
Intelligence Advisory. Committee,
U.S., 73
intelligence and warning (I&W), 6
intelligence community:
Israel-France relationship in, 36,
145
Israeli scandals in, 34, 61-62
Israel-U.S. relationship in, 3-17,
90, 162, 292
leaks in, 7n-8n, 16, 177n
passing unwanted information in,
5In-52n, 143-44, 238, 239-40
International Assembly on Nuclear
Weapons (1966), 155n
International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA), 11, 266
Dimona inspections and, 69, 80,
100-101, 106, 108, 110, 117, 124,
128, 129, 131, 132, 133-34, 135,
136, 153, 154-55, 186, 212
uranium ore shipments
monitored by, 156
International Institute for Strategic
Studies (!ISS), 155n
Iran, 6, 42n, 220n, 260n, 274n
Israeli arms sales to, 298, 309-10
Iran-Iraq War, 309
Iraq, 175
in Arab Federation, 121
Israeli bombing raid in, 8-10, 11,
12, 13, 16, 64n, 259, 286
military deals between France
and, 16, 64n
nuclear capability of, 9-10
Persian Gulf War and, 20ln
Qassem's coup in, 51
Soviet military aid to, 7, 12
"supergun" of, 216n
U.S. arms sales to, 260n
Irgun, 259, 298n
Israel:
business deals awarded in, 192
Carter administration as viewed
by, 5
censorship in, 11, I80n, 223
CIA leaks to, 16
creation of, 89, 146
denial of nuclear weapons
intentions by, 69
diplomatic recognition of, 21n, 94
"dual loyalty" and, 89-92
elections in, 37, 38n, 104, 123n,
139-40, 141, 259, 269, 296
espionage activities in U.S. by,
90, 162, 292
first nuclear missile field of, 173
French arms sales to, 36, 65, 69,
175
F-16 deal between U.S. and, 8-9
Greater (Eretz), 38n, 185
guerrilla warfare between Egypt
and, 35, 36
heavy water purchased from
Norway by, 77
intelligence service of, see Mossad
Iranian arms purchases from, 298,
309-10
Iraqi nuclear reactor bombed by,
8-10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 64n, 259,
286
isolation felt by, 175, 264
joint anti-Soviet nuclear targeting
proposed to U.S. by, 269-70,
278
Kennedy's defense commitment
to, 117-18
KGB penetration of, 219-20
KH-l1 reconnaissance
photographs given to, 3-17
labor union strength in, 66, 122,
197
military budget of, 136, 174, 179,
221
military intelligence service of,
163
national security doctrine of, 301
nonespionage agreement between
U.S. and, 90
nuclear blackmail by, 223, 225-40
nuclear weapons program of
France and, 11, 16, 23, 27-46,
59-65, 68-70, 118-19, 155, 263
nuclear weapons program of
South Africa and, 155, 263-68,
270, 271-83
nuclear weapons spending by, 67
nuclear weapons strategy of, 16-
17, 66, 91-92, 217
occupied territories and, 167, 18486,
259, 264
parliament of, see Knesset
party politics of, 38n, 139-40,
179n, 259, 296
public debate on nuclear weapons
policy in, 129-30, 131, 138, 142
rocket program of, 104, 120
secret nuclear weapons
conferences in, 136, 138-39
South African uranium ore
purchases by, 156, 264, 266
Soviet and East European
emigration to, 145, 163
Soviet nuclear targeting of, 177
Soviet Union as nuclear target of,
16-17, 66, 139, 174-75, 176-77,
214, 216, 220-21, 260, 261, 270,
285, 287, 301
Soviet Union's relationship with,
21n, 61, 175
Suez War and, 38, 39, 40-44
tourism in, 178
U.S. arms sales to, 8-9, 103, 10810,
118, 119, 133, 135, 139, 153,
183-84, 186, 189-92, 211, 213,
216, 221
U.S. commitments to, 176, 177,
178, 183
U.S.-French arms embargo
against, 183
U.S. Jewish aid to, 20, 21, 58, 66,
90, 93, 178
U.S. Jewish emigration to, 58, 91
U.S. lobby of, 27, 74, 96-97, 178
U.S. nuclear umbrella sought by,
21-23, 38, 44, 55, 113
West German arms deals with,
123, 133
Israel and Nuclear Weapons (Jabber),
155n
Israel Bond Organization, 93
Israel Chemicals Company, 300
Israeli Air Force, 10, 12, 131, 167,
188, 216, 217, 288, 294
Israeli Army, 40-41, 78n
Israeli Defense Force, 61, 131, 156,
201, 216, 232, 271, 276n, 289
External Relations Department
of, 260n, 276, 292, 295
Israeli Navy, 293
Italy, 21, 159n, 298n
Jabber, Fuad, 155n
Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 185
Japan, 47, 137, 210, 218
Jenkins, Walter W., 192-94
Jericho I missiles, 120, 125, 143, 173,
175, 212, 216, 301
Jerusalem, 167, 184-85, 259
Jessup, Peter c., 163, 238
Jews:
in Afghanistan and Iran, 6
African homeland proposed for,
87
in France's science community,
30
Johnson's aid to, 127-28
Kennedy and, 96-98, 103
in North Africa, 36, 60-61
in South Africa, 264
Jews, U.S., 42n
Angleton's index on, 145-46
Ben-Gurion's loss of faith in, 41
in CIA, 89, 145-46
"dual loyalty" and, 89-92, 241
emigration to Israel by, 58, 91
financial aid to Israel from, 20,
21, 58, 66, 90, 93
Johnson and, 127-28, 151, 191
as lobbyists, 27, 74, 96-97
as refugees, 127-28
Vietnam War opposed by, 191
John F. Kennedy, USS, 233
John F. Kennedy Library, 99, 148
Johnson, Lady Bird, 127, 128
Johnson, Lyndon B., 178, 183-94,
247
Barbour's assignment from, 160,
161
Bundy's misleading of, 133
cash contributions and, 194
Dimona intelligence reports
suppressed by, 188-89, 212
election of, 149
Eshkol pressured by, 86, 130, 132,
134-35, 136, 139, 154, 166, 183,
186
Feinberg and, 98n, 126, 190-91,
192, 193, 194
Jewish refugees aided by, 127-28
Kennedy's exclusion of, 126
nuclear nonproliferation policy
of, 128, 149, 151-53, 191, 209
Vietnam War and, 99, 128, 151,
153, 191
Johnson administration:
Israeli nuclear weapons policy of,
143-57, 183-94
public vs. private nuclear
proliferation stance of, 148-53
Joint Atomic Energy Commission,
214n, 242-43, 246
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 84
Joint Committee on Atomic
Energy, 76, 81
Joliot-Curie, Frederic, 27-28
Jones, Curtis F., 215
Jordan, 3, 167, 175, 184, 201n, 289,
296
Justice Department, U.S., 285, 303,
310
Kafkafi, Jeruham, 255
Ka1b, Bernard, 234
Kalb, Marvin, 234
Kampiles, William T., 7n-8n
Katzenbach, Nicholas D., 185n
Katzir, Aharon (Aharon
Katchalsky), 26, 205, 218
Kaysen, Carl, 86, 98, 99
Keating, Kenneth B., 222
Keeny, Spurgeon M., Jr., 272-73,
277, 281-82
Kelly Field, 51n
Kennedy, John F., 50n, 150, 159, 275
assassination of, 126
Ben-Gurion and, 100-104, 106,
114, 117, 120-21, 124
Dimona inspection sought by, 76,
81, 98, 100-15, 110, 111
Egypt rapprochement sought by,
102-3, 107-8
Feinberg and, 93, 94, 95-98, 100,
101-2, 103, 111
Eisenhower's foreign affairs
advice to, 106
Meir and, 117-18, 115
Middle East policy of, 11l-14, Il 5
nuclear nonproliferation policy
of, 117, 118, 125, 163
Kennedy, Joseph P., 95, 96, 103
Kennedy, Robert F., 98n, 99-100,
152-53
Kennedy administration:
disharmony in, 99
Israeli nuclear weapons policy of,
93-115
non-espionage agreement between
Israel and, 90
nuclear test ban and, 85, 105
Kerr, Donald M., Jr., 280-81
KGB, 219-20, 299
Khartoum Arab summit (1967), 176
Khrushchev, Nikita, 74, 102
KH-11 reconnaissance satellite, 231,
283, 290, 292
description of, 4n
Hirbat Zachariah reconnaissance
by, 231
intelligence leaks about, 7n-8n
Israeli access to photographs by,
3-17
Israeli downlink sought for, 15,
16
Pollard spy case and, 296, 297
Soviet reconnaissance by, 13, 15,
16, 17
Kibbutzim, 140
Kibiya massacre, 78n
King David Hotel, bombing of, 259
Kissinger, Henry A.:
Israeli nuclear weapons policy of,
168-69, 209-12, 235
Middle East policy of, 177
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
undermined by, 209-10
on Sadat, 221
shuttle diplomacy of, 230, 236
Yom Kippur War and, 227-37
Kissinger (Kalb and Kalb), 234
KK Mountain, 5, 145
Knesset, 22, 37, 78-79, 122, 1l9, 141,
154, 155n, 179n, 288, 299
Kollek, Teddy, 141n, 184
Komer, Robert W., 99, 134, 135
Kosygin, Alexei N., 232
Kramish, Arnold, 169
Kratzer, Myron B., 77, 89
Kremlin, U-2 photos of, 48
Krock, Arthur, 71
krytrons, 213
Labor Party (Israel), 38n, 179, 259,
296, 301
Labour Party (Great Britain), 41
LAKAM, see Office of Special Tasks
laser uranium enrichment, 201, 219
Latin America, as nuclear-free zone,
152
Lavon, Pinhas, 33, 34, 79, 109, 122
Lavon Affair, 34, 121-22, 124, 139,
140
Lebanon, 3, 51
Lebanon War, 259, 288, 294
Leinsdorf, Erich, 127
Leor, Yisrael "Gingy, " 225, 226-27
Lewis, Samuel W., 286, 287-88, 295
Liberty, USS, 167-68
Likud Party, 38n, 259, 264, 296
Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963),
124-26
lithium, 52, 202
lithium deuteride, 49, 200
lithium 6, 200, 201
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory,
24n, 91, 145, 155, 156, 198, 206,
266, 291
Lockheed Aircraft Company, 47
Long, David E., 214-15
Los Alamos, 145, 199, 206
intelligence operations at, 155,
156, 266
VELA nuclear detection satellite
and, 273, 280
see also Manhattan Project
Lovett, James K, 248
Low Altitude Bombing System
(LABS), 194
Lowenthal, David, 247, 254-55
loyalty oaths, 84
Lucet, Charles, 118-19
Lundabl, Arthur C., 47, 50, 63, 74,
156-57
as NPIC head, 107
U-2 Dimona reconnaissance and,
53-56, 58, 72, 73, 100, 143, 147
Lyndon B. Johnson Library, 132,
135, 167, 168n, 178, 192
Maariv, 129, 142, 312
McCone, John A., 126n, 134
as AEC chairman, 71, 73
AEC resignation of, 72, 77
as CIA director, 73, 76, 93, 105,
150-51, 163
death of, 73
Dimona story leaked to Finney
by, 71-73, 74, 77n
Israeli nuclear weapons program
opposed by, 93, 118-19
Johnson and, 151
Kennedy and, 105-6, 150
Strauss and, 73, 83, 89, 91, 92
Machon 2, see Dimona nuclear
weapons facility, chemical
reprocessing plant at
Macmillan, Harold, 126n
McNamara, Robert S., 108-9, 126n,
149, 150, 188-89
McPherson, Harry c., 186
Malloy, Michael, 313-14
Manhattan Project, 23, 25, 27, 28,
30, 46, 49, 58, 63, 83-84, 102n
Mansfield, Mike J., 125n
"Man's First Robot with Muscles, "
205
Mapai (Israel Workers') Party, 27,
33, 34n, 37, 38n, 39, 65, 67, 104,
117, 121, 122, 123, 129, 139, 140,
141-42, 179n, 259
Mapam (United Workers') Party,
38n, 179n, 299
Marcoule nuclear reactor, 29, 30, 37,
43, 46, 56-57, 263
Marine Corps, U.s., 51
Mark, Hans M., 23
Mark, Herman F., 23-24, 25, 26, 27,
44
Marshall, Andrew W., 269-70
Masada complex, 137n
"material unaccounted for" (MUF),
244, 246
Maxwell, Robert, 312, 315
Mediterranean Allied Air Force,
88n
Meese, Edwin, III, 303
Meet the Press, 72, 74, 77
Meir, Golda, 121, 140, 162, 171, 202,
221
Kennedy and, 117-18, 135
Kissinger and; 230n, 236
Lavon Affair and, 122-23
as prime minister, 39
Suez War and, 42, 43
Yom Kippur War and, 225, 226,
228, 233
Mendes-France, Pierre, 35
Meyer, Armin, 74-75, 110, 113, 114
Middle East Task Force, 213
Midrasha conferences (1964-65),
136, 138-39
MiG-2l, 65, 103, 175, 183
Mirage III, 131n, 175
"missile gap, " 50
missiles:
Jericho I, 120, 125, 143, 173, 175,
212, 216, 301
Project 700 program of, 174, 216
satellite reconnaissance of, 231
Scud, 12, 234
surface-to-air, 286, 294, 298
TOW, 310
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of
Iran, 6, 173, 274
Mollet, Guy, 36, 40-41, 42, 43
Morocco, 21
Moscow, reconnaissance
photographs of, 13, 48
Mossad, 76, 77, 163, 168n, 177, 181,
220, 236, 289, 298, 299
CIA's joint ventures with, 5-6,
13n
Vanunu kidnapped by, 198, 308,
315
Moyers, Bill, 193-94
Mozambique, 13n, 266
multilateral force (MLF), 152
Murphy, George F., Jr., 248
Myers, Henry R., 254-55
Mystere aircraft, 42n
Nagasaki, 46, 48, 138
Nahal Soreq nuclear reactor, 20, 67,
101, 103, 132n
Namibia, 266
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 36, 53, 101,
129-30, 135, 221, 227
Communist help sought by, 35
Israeli views of, 21, 22, 40, 42
Kennedy and, 102-3, 107-8
Pan-Arabism of, 21, 40, 55
"preventive war" threatened by,
138
rise to power of, 21, 104
Sharett's secret negotiations with,
33, 34, 35
Six-Day War and, 166, 178
Suez Canal nationalized by, 38
National Liberation Front (FLN),
21, 36
National Photo Interpretation
Center (NPIC), 107, 156, 283
National Reconnaissance Office
(NRO), 23n
National Security Agency (NSA), 4,
14, 51, 89, 188, 219, 220, 237,
278, 293
National Security Council (NSC),
75, 98, 99, 105, 134, 168n, 192,
239
National Security Decision
Memorandum (NSDM) No.6,
210
National Security Decision
Memorandum (NSDM) No. 32,
212n
National Water Carrier, 249-50
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization), 7, 27, 36, 44,
126n, 152 .
Naval Security Group, 89
Navy, U.S., 162, 233, 242, 256
Navy Intelligence, U.S., 285, 292-93
Nazis, 60, 88n
Neeman, Yuval, 121, 233
Netherlands, 265n
neutron bombs, 199-200
Newsweek, 309
New York Herald Tribune, 72n
New York Times, 71, 72, 77n, 129-30,
140n, 142, 144n, 153n, 154, 169,
212, 278, 307, 308
New York Times Index, 160
Nitze, Paul H., 108-9
Nixon, Richard M., 170, 221, 247
Israeli nuclear weapons policy of,
5, 55n, 168n, 209-12, 261
1960 defeat of, 97-98
1968 election of, 191
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
undermined by, 209-10
Watergate affair and, 232-33
Yom Kippur War and, 228, 232-33
Nixon administration, 177, 303,
305
Israeli nuclear weapons and,
209-12, 223, 225, 238
Mossad favored by, 168n
Nobel Prize, 27, 102n, 206
North Africa, 21, 24, 36
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO), 7, 27,
36, 44, 126n, 152
Norway, 39, 48, 64, 77. 103, III
Novy, James, 127-28
"nth" nations, 155
nuclear energy, 19, 154, 251, 273n
nuclear espionage:
death penalty for, 243
see also Pollard, Jonathan Jay;
Vanunu, Mordecai
nuclear-free zones, 152
Nuclear Intelligence Panel (NIP),
280
Nuclear Materials and
Equipment Corporation
(NUMEC):
corporate takeovers of, 248, 252
decontamination at, 253n, 256-57
"diverted" uranium recovered at,
257
uranium diversion allegations
and, 187-88, 242-57
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
(NPT) (1968):
Johnson administration pressure
on Israel and, 184, 186, 189,
190, 191, 194, 209-10, 211
signatories of, 11, 191, 209-10
Third World and, 267.
nuclear reactors:
Canada-to-India sale of, 37, 39
fast breeder, 251
in France, see Marcoule nuclear
reactor; Saclay nuclear reactor
fuel cycles in, 203.-4., 248, 273.
in Iraq, 8-10, 11, 12, 13, 16
in Israel, see Dimona nuclear
weapons facility; Nahal Soreq
nuclear reactor
in Soviet Union, 28-29
uranium fuel rods in, 10n, 29, 52,
201, 202
in U.S., 28-29, 45., 84, 203
see also chemical reprocessing
plants
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
(NRC), 251-52, 257, 263
Nuclear Suppliers Group, 267
nuclear test ban, 85, 274
nuclear weapons:
"boosted" fission for, 200
China's development of, 148-49,
246, 271
cost of, 66, 174, 179
"defensive, " 209
Egypt and, 67, 69, 101, 129-30,
133, 138, 152, 15J.
fission vs. fusion, 48-49
France's development of, 28-31,
63, 125, 145, 271
French-Israeli joint development
of, 11, 16, 23, 27-46, 59-65, 6870,
118-19, 155, 263
Great Britain's development of,
28, 125.-26.
Iraqi potential for, 9-10
Israeli stockpile of, 198-99, 21516,
225-26, 231, 235, 239, 240,
241, 261, 268, 276., 282-83, 29091
Low Altitude Bombing System
for, 194
low-yield, 216, 267, 268, 271, 276,
279-80
manufacturing tolerances for,
202-3
miniaturization of, 177, 216, 217,
220
NATO's European deployment
of, 152, 155
objections to, 59, 65, 67, 138,
see also Dimona nuclear
weapons facility, objections to
Pakistan's development of, 26263,
298
proliferation of, 31, 74, 76, 92,
128, 148-57, 163, 209-10
South African-Israeli joint
development of, 155, 263-68,
270
Soviet development of, 48, 49-50,
280
Soviet stockpile of, 49
Stockholm Appeal against, 27-28
"Temple" code-name for, 226
test ban treaty on, 74, 105, 124-25
test sites for, 49, 63, 120, 126, 131,
145, 214., 265, 267-68, 271, 272
U.S. development of, 23, 25, 27,
28, 30, 46, 49, 58, 63, 83-84,
102., 112, 138
U.S. stockpile of, 49, 215.
"zero-yield" detonations of, 131
see also hydrogen bombs; neutron
bombs
Nye, Joseph S., Jr., 283
Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
112
Office of International Strategic
Affairs, 125
Office of Special Tasks (LAKAM),
62, 131, 205, 288, 292, 295
oil, 106
Arab anti-U.S. embargo on, 232
arms deals and, 16, 22
nuclear energy and, 19
Soviet-Middle East policy and,
178
U.S.-Middle East policy and, 22,
168
see also pipelines
Oplinger, Gerald G., 272, 273, 308
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 19, 23, 25,
83, 84-85, 91
Ora Limited, 309, 310
Organization of African States
(OAS), 265n
Osirak, Israeli bombing raid on, 810,
11, 12, 13, 16, 64n, 259, 286
Pakistan, 48, 262-63, 298
Palestine, 24, 35n, 87, 195, 298n
Palestine Liberation Organization
(PLO), 249, 288, 302
Palestinian Arabs, 35, 38, 113-15,
118, 167, 184
Pan-Arabism, 21, 40, 55
Parker, John G, 313-14
Parker, Patrick J., 235
Pean, Pierre, 64n-65n, 263, 307
Peled, Elad, 177, 210
Peres, Shimon, 25n, 104n, 117, 299
Arab question and, 34, 38n
as Ben-Gurion favorite, 33
on Bergmann, 26, 45
in coalition government, 296
as defense minister, 265
Dimona denial and, 69, 77, 78,
118, 239
Dimona financing and, 65, 66-67,
94
on Eisenhower, 42-43
IAEA inspections of Dimona
opposed by, 134
Israeli nuclear weapons program
and, 20, 23, 27, 29-30, 36, 37,
39, 43, 45, 59, 93, 129, 135, 141,
154-55, 207, 265
Lavon Affair and, 122-23
Pollard spy case and, 286, 303
as Rafi Party leader, 139, 140
South African visit of, 265, 275
Suez War and, 38, 42
Vanunu case and, 198, 312
Perrin, Francis, 28, 29, 39-40
Persian Gulf War, 201n
Pha1angists, 288
phosphate fields, uranium extracted
from, 19
Photographic Intelligence Division,
47, 50, 51, 54
Pincher, Chapman, 76, 77n
Pineau, Christian, 43n
pipelines:
Elat-Haifa, 192n
Iranian, 173
plutonium, 28-29, 30, 149n, 246, 247
at Dimona, 11, 45-46, 56, 57, 69,
72, 75, 120, 130, 156, 179, 201,
202, 203, 241, 282
in fission bombs, 48, 138, 200
French production of, 28-29, 43
reactor fuel rods as source for,
10n, 29, 52, 202
recycling of, 251
Podgorny, N. V., 175
Podhoretz, Norman, 137n
Poland, 13n, 298
Pollack, Herman, 164n
Pollard, Jonathan Jay, 62, 285-305,
307
background of, 291-92
Israeli official denial and cover-up
of, 285, 297, 30G-301, 303-5
Israeli recruitment of, 285, 292
life sentence of, 285, 297
Navy Intelligence career of, 285,
292-93
number and types of documents
provided to Israel by, 286, 29394,
295, 296
Power and Principle (Brzezinski), 273n
Powers, Gary Francis, 50, 51, 74
President's Commission on the
Holocaust, 88n
Press, Frank, 273, 276-77, 279, 282
Primakov, Yevgeni M., 299
Prime, Geoffrey A., 7n
Project 700 missile program, 174,
216
"Prologue: LBJ's Foreign Affairs
Background" (Gomolak), 127n
Rabi, I. I., 102, 104
Rabin, Yitzhak, 260, 265, 269, 299
as defense minister, 296
Dimona opposed by, 67, 137-38
government positions held by, 67,
189-90, 239
nuclear weapons denial by, 190,
194, 212-13
Pollard spy case and, 286, 303
Six-Day War and, 167, 178
Rafael research and manufacturing
agency, 203
Rafi (Israeli Workers' List) Party,
139, 140, 141, 167, 179n
Rafsanjani, Ayatollah Ali Akbar,
310
Rand Daily Mail (South Africa), 279
Rather, Dan, 183
Rathjens, George H., 263, 281
"rat lines, " 145
Raziel, David, 298n
Reagan, Ronald, 8-9, 15
Israeli strategic cooperation
proposal and, 287
Reagan administration:
Iranian arms sales and, 260n
Israeli strategic cooperation
proposal to, 286-88
Israeli-U.S. intelligence liaison
agreement and, 8-17
private vs. public reactions to
Israeli bombing raid by, 8-9
Reggane nuclear test site, 63
Republican Party, 275
Research Company for Financing
and Enterprise, 65
Reston, James A" 71
Ribicoff, Abraham, 96, 98, 261
Richard, Mark M., 305
Richardson, Elliot L., 232
robotics, 26, 202, 204, 205
Roddis, Louis H" Jr., 280
Rodman, Peter W., 228
Rosenne, Meir, 304
Rostow, Walt, 169, 176, 184, 190-91,
192
Rothschild, Baron Edmund de, 66,
192n
Rothschild, Victor, 160-61
Rothschild family, 31
Rubinstein, Elyakim, 304
Ruina, Jack P., 276-77, 281, 282
Ruina panel, 276-77, 279-82
Rusk, Dean, 149, 150, 152, 188-89
Saclay nuclear reactor, 28, 39, 43,
263
Sadat, Anwar, 227
Begin's summit with, 4, 269
Soviets ousted by, 221
Yom Kippur War and, 222, 229,
230-31, 232, 239
Saguy, Yehoshua, 9-10, 293, 294
Saint-Gobain Techniques Nouvelles
(SGN), 29, 45, 69
SALT II, 274, 275
"Samson Option, " explanation of,
137n
Sandia, 155, 156
Sapir, Pinhas, 38n, 65, 122, 179
satellite communication devices,
220n
satellites, reconnaissance, 260, 261
CORONA, 156
downlinks for, 14, 15, 16
GAMBIT, 156
National Reconnaissance Office
and, 23n
of Soviet Union, 231, 267
VELA nuclear detection, 271-72,
273, 274, 277, 278, 279, 281
see also KH-11 reconnaissance
satellite
Saturday Review, 205
Saudi Arabia, 296
Savannah River Plant, 203, 204
Scali, John, 277-78
Scheersberg A, 181
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., 96n,
100, 105, 126n
Schlesinger, James R., 227, 230
Schwartz, Harry H., 190, 191, 194
Science Liaison Bureau (LAKAM),
205
Scud missiles, 12, 234
Seaborg, Glenn T., 149-50, 152, 153
Sella, Aviem, 286, 297, 300, 301-5
Senate, U.S., 95, 124, 126, 178, 186,
209, 275
Israeli fact-finding trip by, 261-62
Senate Commerce Committee, 85
Senate Foreign Relations
Committee, 80
Sephardim, 60-61
Sabra and Shatila massacre, 288,
293, 311
Shalom, Avraham, 295, 304
Shamir, Yitzhak, 298, 299-300
in coalition government, 296
Pollard spy case and, 286
Shapiro, Zalman Mordecai:
background of, 241-42
Bergmann and, 243, 248-49
innocence of, 243, 250, 252, 255-
56
Israeli mission conducted by, 243,
249-50
Israeli sympathies of, 188, 242,
243, 247
Q clearance of, 248
uranium diversion allegations
against, 188, 241-57, 261
Sharett, Moshe, 33-34, 35, 37-38, 39,
78., 88, 146
Sharon, Ariel, 35, 38., 67, 295
as defense minister, 287, 296
KH-11 downlink sought by, 15,
16, 17
strategic cooperation proposal of,
287-88
strategic goals of, 288-90
as trade and industry minister,
300
Shavit rockets, 104, 120
Shin Beth, 220, 304
Shlaim, Avi, 35
Sinai Peninsula:
in Six-Day War, 166, 167
in Suez War, 40, 41, 42, 43
in Yom Kippur War, 222, 231-32
Six-Day War, 131., 156, 160, 166-67,
174, 175, 177-78, 184-85, 222,
291
Smart, Ian, d3
Smith, Gerard C., 263
Smith, Hedrick, 212-13
Solel Bone, 65
Solidarity movement, 13n
Sorenson, Theodore c., 100
Sourassi, Abraham, 61
Souster, Mark, 313
South Africa, Republic of:
Bull and, 216.-17.
Israeli uranium ore purchases
from, 156, 264, 266
nuclear weapons program of
Israel and, 155, 263-68, 270,
271-83
social upheavals in, 266-67
Soviet Union, 21, 121, 155, 162, 265n
Afghanistan and, 6, 16
Arab military aid from, 7, 12, 35,
65, 103, 128, 135, 136, 138, 139,
153, 167, 170, 175-76, 183, 231,
237
CIA-Mossad operations in, 13n
defectors from, 54
emigration to Israel from, 145,
163
false alarm over Cuban-based
troops of, 275
as French nuclear target, 44
intelligence leaks to, 7n-8n
Israel as nuclear target of, 177
as Israeli nuclear target, 16-17,
66, 139, 174-75, 176-77, 214,
216, 220-21, 260, 261, 270, 278,
285, 287, 301
Israel's relationship with, 21n, 61,
175
KH-11 reconnaissance of, 13, 15,
16, 17
NATO's European nuclear
deployment opposed by, 152
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty
signed by, 191
nuclear reactors in, 28-29
nuclear weapons program of, 48,
49-50, 280
Pollard material given to, 286,
297, 299, 300
Shamir's overtures to, 298, 299-
300
Stockholm Appeal backed by, 27
Suez War and, 41
Syria's military aid from, 294
Teller's fear of first strike by,
187n
U.S. annual review of arms
system of, 286
U-2 reconnaissance of, 47, 48, 50,
74
Yom Kippur War and, 226, 227,
229, 231-35
Space Research Corporation (SRC),
216n
SS-21 missiles, 294
State Department, U.S., 13n, 99,
113, 143, 164, 261, 262, 291
Barbour's snubbing of, 159, 161
Bureau of Intelligence and
Research (INR) of, 213
on conflict of interest, 171
Dimona intelligence and, 75, 76,
80, 100, 106
Eisenhower's commitment not
upheld by, 178
F-4 sale to Israel opposed by, 183,
211
Israeli nuclear weapons as issue
at, 214-15
Middle East military report of,
213
NUMEC and, 242
Osirak bombing condemned by, 9
Palestinian Arabs and, 114
Policy Planning Council of, 169
Stemming the Tide (Seaborg), 149-50
Stern, 308
Stern, Yair, 298n
Stern Gang, 297-98
Stevenson, Adlai E., 95
Stockholm Appeal (1950), 27-28
Stockholm International Peace
Research Institute (SIPRI),
199n
Stockton, Peter D., 254, 256
Stone, Dewey D., 96
Strategic Air Command, 48, 233
Strauss, Alice, 91
Strauss, Lewis (son), 85
Strauss, Lewis L., 54, 73, 83-92, 93
as AEC chairman, 54, 73, 83, 84
African homeland for Jews
proposed by, 87
anti-Zionism of, 88
background and character of, 83,
85-86, 88-89, 92
Bergmann's secret friendship
with, 85-86, 88, 142
Dimona briefings and, 54, 73, 83,
89, 90, 91, 92
"dual loyalty" and, 89-92
Eisenhower's support for, 84, 85,
87
Holocaust consciousness of, 83,
86-87, 89, 91
Israeli nuclear weapons program
supported by, 85-86, 91
McCone and, 73, 83, 89, 91, 92
Oppenheimer attacked by, 84-85,
91
Senate's rejection of, 85
Suez Canal, 38
Suez War, 38, 39, 40-44, 175, 176,
178
Sulzberger, C. L., 129-30
Sunday Mirror (London), 308-9, 31 315
Sunday Times (London), Vanunu
story and, 196-97, 198, 199n,
200, 202, 262n, 307, 308, 309,
312, 315
surface-to-air missiles, 286, 294,
298
Symington, Stuart, 95, 119, 212,
262-63
Symington Amendment, 262-63
Syria, 249
Six-Day War and, 167, 175, 184
Soviet military aid to, 7, 16, 175
in United Arab Republic, 51, 121
Yom Kippur War and, 222, 225,
227, 235n, 238n
Tahal, 173
Talbot, Phillips, 114n
Talbott, Orwin C., 236-37
Tamir, Avraham, 269-70
Task Force 157, 233, 234-35
Taylor, Theodore B., 131n
Technion-Israel Institute of
Technology, 242
telephone scrambler systems, 161
Teller, Edward, 49, 187, 188, 250,
254
Tel Nof fighter base, nuclear
weapons storage facility at, 130,
225
"Temple" nuclear weapons, 226
Thousand Days, A (Schlesinger), 125n
"three no's, " 176
Time, ISDn
Tiran, Strait of, 178
Toon, Malcolm, 261-{;2
TOW missiles, 310
Tricontinental Pipelines, '192n
Tripartite Agreement (1950), 21-22
tritium, 49, 52, 200
Truman, Harry S., 21, 93, 94, 126
Tuchman, Jessica, 273n
Tunisia, 21, 302
Tunnel, see Dimona nuclear
weapons facility, chemical
reprocessing plant at
Turkey, 48
Turner, Stansfield, 5
UNITA movement, 13n
United Arab Republic, 51, 53, 133,
135
United Nations, 33, 109, 133, 265
Resolution 194 of, 113-14
Resolution 242 of, 186
Security Council of, 186
Suez War and, 40-41, 42, 43
Yom Kippur War and, 233
Zionism denounced by, 264
United Nations Conference on the
Peaceful Uses of Atomic
Energy, 88
United States:
Great Britain's intelligence
relationship with, 3, 7
as heavy water producer, 39
Iranian arms purchases from,
260n
Iraqi arms purchases from, 260n
Israeli arms embargo by France
and, 183
Israeli arms purchases from, 8-9,
103, 108-10, 118, 119, 133, 135,
139, 153, 183-84, 186, 189-92,
211, 213, 216, 221
Israeli commitments of, 176, 177,
178, 183
Israeli espionage activities in, 90,
162, 292; see also Pollard,
Jonathan Jay
Israel recognized by, 94
in Nuclear Suppliers Group, 267
nuclear umbrella sought by Israel
from, 21-23, 38, 44, 55, 113
nuclear war plans of, 48n
Persian Gulf War and, 201n
in Tripartite Agreement, 21-22
Vietnam War and, 59, 142
United States Intelligence Board
(USIB), 254
Unit (Detachment) 8200, 229, 237,
293
uranium, 10n, 52, 202
in China's bomb, 149n
critical mass of, 28
for Dimona, 68, 156, 180-81
enriched, 29, 112, 132n, 149n, 188,
201, 219, 246, 266
as health hazard and pollutant,
243, 245, 253, 256
mining of, 31
natural, 19, 27, 29, 39, 201
NUMEC alleged diversion of,
187-88, 241-57, 261
oxide powder conversion of, 244
scrap recovery of, 243-44, 253
South African enriching
technique for, 266
South African sale to Israel of,
155, 264, 266
U.S. sale to Israel of, 132n
U-2 reconnaissance planes, 42n, 150
capabilities of, 47-48
Dimona reconnaissance by, 50,
51, 52-58, 63, 64, 72, 73, 90, 99n,
100, 106-7, 112, 132., 147, 156,
157
Israeli knowledge of, 56
Powers incident and, 73-74
secrecy on, 47, 53-54
Soviet knowledge of, 51
Soviet reconnaissance by, 47, 48,
50, 74
Valindaba uranium plant, 266
Vance, Cyrus R., 274, 278
Van Doren, Charles N., 211
Vanunu, Mordecai, 262n, 290, 307-
15
Dimona revelations of, 196-205,
219
Israeli disinformation campaign
against, 312-15
Mossad's kidnapping of, 198, 308,
315
VELA nuclear detection satellite,
271-72, 273, 274, 277, 278, 279,
281
Veliotes, Nicholas A., 222, 228,
274n-75.
Vietnam, People's Republic of
(North), 36, 150, 153
Vietnam War, 59, 99, 125, 128, 142,
151, 153, 189., 191, 250, 286
Virostek, Cynthia A., 253n
von Hentig, Otto, 298n
Vorster, John, 265, 266, 275
"walk-ins, " 290
Wall Street Journal, 308
Walters, J. C., 278.
Warnke, Paul c., 189-90, 191
War of Attrition, 212n
War of Independence, 19, 113, 141
Warsaw Pact, 155
Washington Post, 96n, 239, 307, 308
Watergate affair, 232-33
Walters, Robert D., 311
Webber, Robert T., 164, 165-66
Weinberger, Caspar, 9, 287, 302
Weisl, Edwin L., Sr., 126
Weizman, Ezer, 275-76
Weizmann, Chaim, 24, 25, 45, 87
Weizmann Institute of Science, 19,
25-26, 31, 64, 79, 99n, 132n, 205,
206, 214, 219
Wells, Algie A., 92
West Bank, 113, Jl5, Jl8, 167, 184-
85, 218n, 259
Westinghouse Electric, 242, 245, 251
Wheeler, Earle G., 178
Wiesner, Jerome B., 99n
Wigner, Eugene, 102, 104
Williams, Bruce, 237n
World War II, 60, 260, 265
aerial reconnaissance in, 47, 56,
88n
Yariv, Aharon, 162, 290
Years of Upheaval (Kissinger), 228
Yerdor, Reuven, 219, 293-95, 297
Yiftach, Shimon, 130
Yom Kippur War, 264
events of, 222-23, 231-32, 233-34
Israeli nuclear threat in, 179, 217,
223, 225-40
Soviet nuclear threat alleged in,
234-35
Zadok, Chaim Joseph, 303, 304
Zamir, Zvi, 185n
Z Division, 198, 291, 307
"zero-yield" detonations, 131
Zia ul-Haq, Mohammad, 263
Zionism, Zionists, 24, 35n, 38n, 87n,
88, 97, 124, 140, 146, 185-86,
259, 264
Zionist Organization of America,
242
Zurhellen, Joseph O., Jr., 170, 171,
211
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